Simulation of creep deformation of turbine blade and influence analysis of deviation angle
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摘要:
基于宏观唯象蠕变模型编写有限元子程序，对真实涡轮叶片进行蠕变变形行为模拟与分析。通过模拟服役环境下涡轮叶片蠕变变形行为，确定涡轮叶片实际使用过程中的重点考核部位；分析存在蠕变时应力集中部位的应力松弛现象，对比应力松弛前后考核部位的持久寿命预测结果。通过改变晶轴与叶高方向的偏离角，模拟实际工程应用中存在许用范围内偏离角的情况。结果表明：涡轮叶片重点考核部位一般位于扰流柱根部和冷却通道拐角处，该部位随着蠕变进行产生应力松弛现象，影响涡轮叶片的预测持久寿命；工程中设计偏离角的许用范围为10°是恰当的，超过这个范围涡轮叶片材料蠕变性能下降明显。
Abstract:Based on the macroscopic phenomenological creep model, the finite element subroutine was compiled to simulate and analyze the creep deformation behavior of real turbine blades. In the engineering practice, through simulation of creep deformation in service environment, the important assessment positions of turbine blades were determined. Considering the effect of creep, the stress relaxation effects on the concentration positions were analyzed, and the prediction endurance life of the verifying positions with/without stress relaxation was compared. By changing the deviation angle between the crystal axis and the blade height direction, the allowable deviation angle in the engineering application was simulated. These results indicated that the important assessment positions of turbine blades were generally located at the root of the spoiler columns and the corner of the cooling channels. The stress relaxation phenomenon occurred at these positions with the creep progresses, affecting the prediction endurance life of turbine blades. The tolerance of deviation angle in engineering was designed as 10°, beyond which the creep performance of turbine blade material decreased significantly.
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图 1 m取不同值时$ y = {x^m} $在[0, 1]上的曲线
Figure 1. Curve of $ y = {x^m} $ on [0, 1] at different m values
图 7 涡轮叶片温度云图和约束示意图
Figure 7. Temperature nephogram and constraint diagram of turbine blade
图 9 涡轮叶片应力集中部位应力云图
Figure 9. Stress nephograms of stress concentration points of turbine blade
图 10 应力集中位置参数随时间变化曲线
Figure 10. Curve of parameters at stress concentration location changing with time
图 12 晶轴[001]取向偏离角示意图
Figure 12. Schematic diagram of deviation angle of crystal axis [001] orientation
图 14 偏离角为30°时最大蠕变应变位置示意图
Figure 14. Schematic diagram of maximum creep strain position at 30° deviation angle
T/℃ E11, E22, E33/
GPaG12, G23, G13/
GPa$ {\nu _{11}} $, $ {\nu _{22}} $, $ {\nu _{33}} $ 25 131.5 136.96 0.344 700 107.0 100.21 0.374 760 105.5 105.01 0.377 850 98.0 60.61 0.383 980 80.5 80.44 0.390 1070 69.5 74.22 0.399 1100 67.5 63.84 0.413 
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表 2 DD6材料持久寿命方程拟合系数（中值）[46]
Table 2. Fitting coefficients （median） of DD6 endurance life equation[46]
方向 g1 g2 g3 g4 g5 [001] 75.3 − 0.00707 −66.8 28.0 −4.17
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表 3 蠕变模型参数拟合结果
Table 3. Parameter fitting results of creep model
拟合参数 ai bi ci di $ {\eta _1} $ − 121.0399 137.1963 122.1561 − 124.7935 $ {\eta _2} $ 16.4125 − 20.2460 − 22.2700 15.2367 $ {\eta _4} $ − 141.1600 170.3370 170.3718 − 192.4018
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表 4 考核点持久寿命预测
Table 4. Predicted endurance life of assessment points
考核点 温度/℃ 未考虑蠕变 蠕变 100 h 等效应力/MPa 预测持久寿命/h 等效应力/MPa 预测持久寿命/h L 550.0 907.117 $ 1.98 \times {10^4} $ 772.026 $ 9.95 \times {10^4} $ M 728.9 366.260 $ 1.14 \times {10^5} $ 349.189 $ 1.47 \times {10^5} $ N 1098.9 120.646 $ 3.16 \times {10^2} $ 71.170 $ 4.68 \times {10^3} $
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表 5 蠕变前后考核点等效应力对比
Table 5. Comparison of equivalent stress of assessment points before and after creep process
考核点 温度/℃ 等效应力/MPa 屈服应力/MPa 未考虑蠕变 蠕变100 h L 550.0 907.117 772.026 940.752 M 728.9 366.260 349.189 934.652 N 1098.9 120.646 71.170 388.321
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表 6 蠕变100 h后应力集中部位结果对比
Table 6. Comparison of results of stress concentration position after 100 hours creep behavior
算例 榫头应力集中部位 扰流柱应力集中部位 等效应力/MPa 蠕变应变/% 等效应力/MPa 蠕变应变/% A 772.026 0.1468 71.1701 0.2709 B 809.600 0.1918 69.8950 0.2745 C 779.470 0.1866 71.4892 0.2641 D 771.830 0.1778 71.2848 0.2792 E 760.197 0.1990 70.1477 0.2823
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表 7 不同偏离角度蠕变应变
Table 7. Creep strain at different deviation angles
偏离角/（°） 蠕变应变/mm 位置 0 0.2709 扰流柱根部 5 0.2713 扰流柱根部 10 0.2745 扰流柱根部 15 0.2804 扰流柱根部 20 0.2879 扰流柱根部 25 0.2979 扰流柱根部 30 0.3173 叶尖顶端接缝处 35 0.3241 叶尖顶端接缝处 40 0.3262 叶尖顶端接缝处 45 0.3278 叶尖顶端接缝处
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