失速先兆与叶尖端壁流场特性的关联性试验

马彩东; 韩冬; 程邦勤; 尉洋; 张小博; 张斐

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20230453

失速先兆与叶尖端壁流场特性的关联性试验

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20230453

1.
空军工程大学航空工程学院，西安 710038
2.
中国人民解放军 93313部队，长春 130000

基金项目: 国家重大科技专项（2017-Ⅱ-0005）；陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目（2023-JC-QN-0590）

详细信息

作者简介:
马彩东（1985-），男，讲师，博士，主要从事叶轮机械气动热力学研究。E-mail：m020510637@163.com

中图分类号: V231.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-13
- 网络出版日期: 2024-05-21

Experiment on the relationship between stall inception and flow field characteristics on rotor tip casing-wall

1.
Aviation Engineering School，Air Force Engineering University，Xi’an 710038，China
2.
No. 93313 Unit，the Chinese People’s Liberation Army，Changchun 130000，China

摘要

摘要:
为了研究失速先兆与转子叶尖端壁流场特性的关联性，对一台单转子低速轴流压气机进行了节流特性试验，采用转子叶尖端壁周向和弦向布置动态压力传感器的方法，测得了整个节流过程的动态压力信号，系统分析了失速先兆前后叶尖端壁流场特性的变化规律，结果表明：近失速工况点，叶片通道中存在叶顶泄漏流与叶顶二次泄漏流两种不同的泄漏流形态，失速先兆形成前叶顶泄漏流稳定在叶尖前缘；形成突尖型失速先兆时，失速扰动区域的叶顶泄漏流在叶尖前缘摆动；突尖型失速先兆的形成与叶尖局部区域叶顶泄漏流的不稳定性相关，是叶顶泄漏流不稳定性的外在表象；压气机失速后，失速扰动区域的叶顶泄漏流从叶尖前缘溢出，失速扰动演变为周向传播的失速团。试验测量过程中，动态压力传感器的布置方法可有效捕捉产生失速先兆时叶尖端壁的流场特性。
- 轴流压气机 /
- 失速先兆 /
- 节流特性 /
- 叶顶泄漏流 /
- 失速团
Abstract:
In order to study the relationship between the stall inception and the flow field characteristics on rotor tip casing-wall, the throttling characteristics of a low-speed isolated rotor axial compressor was experimentally investigated. Dynamic pressure signals were measured during the throttling process by dynamic pressure sensors on the casing-wall at the rotor tip circumferential and chord-wise locations. The flow field characteristics on rotor tip casing-wall before and after the stall inception were analyzed systematically. The results showed that at the near stall condition, the tip leakage flow and the tip secondary leakage flow were in the blade passage, the tip leakage flow was stable at the rotor tip leading-edge; the tip leakage flow in the stall disturbance region swung at the rotor tip leading-edge when the spike-type stall inception occurred, the formation of spike-type stall inception was related to the instability of tip leakage flow in the local area of rotor tip as an external appearance of the tip leakage flow instability; after stall of the compressor, the tip leakage flow in the stall disturbance region spilled from the rotor tip leading-edge, the stall disturbance evolved into stall cell which rotated in circumference. During the experiment, the arrangement method of dynamic pressure sensors can effectively capture the flow field characteristics on rotor tip casing-wall when stall inception occurred.
- axial compressor /
- stall inception /
- throttling characteristic /
- tip leakage flow /
- stall cell

HTML

图 1 压气机结构及压力测量位置示意图

Figure 1. Configuration of the compressor

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图 2 周向和弦向传感器的安装位置

Figure 2. Installation position of circumferential and chord-wise sensors

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图 3 3 000 r/min转速下压气机流量系数-总静压升特性曲线

Figure 3. Compressor performance curve at rotating speed of 3 000 r/min

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图 4 压气机不同工况点的壁面压力云图

Figure 4. Casing pressure contours at different throttling conditions

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图 5 近失速工况点的壁面压力云图

Figure 5. Casing pressure contours at near stall condition

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图 6 叶顶涡结构及泄漏流粒子示踪^[9]

Figure 6. Vortex cores and tip leakage streamline^[9]

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图 7 叶尖端壁锁相RMS压力脉动云图

Figure 7. Casing pressure RMS contours

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图 8 周向传感器的动态压力信号

Figure 8. Dynamic pressure signal of circumferential sensors

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图 9 周向传感器的动态压力信号1090～1096转

Figure 9. Dynamic pressure signal of circumferential sensors at 1090—1096 revolution

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图 10 1 092～1 093转叶尖端壁的壁面压力云图

Figure 10. Casing pressure contours at 1 092—1 093 revolution

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图 11 1 092～1 095转弦向传感器的动态压力信号

Figure 11. Dynamic pressure signal of chord-wise sensors at1 092—1 095 revolution

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图 12 1094～1095转叶尖端壁的壁面压力云图

Figure 12. Casing pressure contours at 1094—1095 revolution

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图 13 1 098.5～1 101.5转叶尖端壁的壁面压力云图

Figure 13. Casing pressure contours at 1098.5—1101.5 revolution

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图 14 1 345～1 346转叶尖端壁的壁面压力云图

Figure 14. Casing pressure contours at 1 345—1 346 revolution

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表 1 转子的设计参数

Table 1. Design specifications of the rotor

设计参数	数值
设计转速/（r/min）	3000
转子叶尖周向速度/（m/s）	94.11
设计流量/（kg/s）	6.5
总压比	1.025
叶尖间隙/mm	1
平均展弦比	1.87
转子叶片稠度	1.28
轮毂比	0.67
叶片数	45

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