Research on flow characteristics of bearing chamber sealing system based on oil-gas two-phase flow
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摘要:
为研究航空发动机轴承腔封严系统油气两相流动特性及滑油封严与泄漏特性，建立了基于欧拉-欧拉两相流方法的封严腔-石墨密封-轴承腔封严系统和封严腔-石墨密封-反螺纹结构-轴承腔封严系统非定常求解模型。设计搭建了轴承腔油气两相流动实验装置，通过滑油封严特性实验，验证了求解方法的准确性。在此基础上，研究了不同工况条件下常规轴承腔封严系统和带有反螺纹结构轴承腔封严系统的油气两相泄漏流动特性。研究结果表明：针对常规轴承腔封严系统，转速越高，滑油泄漏量越大。压差越大，滑油泄漏量越小。反螺纹结构可以有效降低轴承腔封严系统滑油泄漏量，转速为
15000 r/min，压差为5 kPa时，相对无反螺纹结构的轴承腔封严系统，带有反螺纹结构滑油泄漏量减小95%以上；反螺纹结构的间隙对滑油封严与泄漏特性影响不明显。Abstract:In order to study the oil-gas two-phase flow characteristics and oil sealing and leakage characteristics of aero-engine bearing chamber sealing system, an unsteady solution model of sealing chamber- carbon sealing structure-bearing chamber sealing system and sealing chamber-carbon sealing structure-anti-screw structure-bearing chamber sealing system based on Euler-Euler two-phase flow method was established. The experimental device of oil-gas two-phase flow in bearing chamber was designed and built. The accuracy of the solution method was verified by the experiment of oil sealing characteristics. On this basis, the oil-gas two-phase leakage flow characteristics of conventional bearing chamber sealing system and the bearing chamber sealing system with anti-screw structure under different working conditions were studied. The results showed that for the conventional bearing chamber sealing system, the higher rotational spee indicated, the greater oil leakage. The greater pressure difference also indicated the smaller oil leakage. The anti-screw structure can effectively reduce the oil leakage of the bearing chamber sealing system. When the speed was
15000 r/min and the pressure difference was 5 kPa, the oil leakage with the anti-screw structure was reduced by more than 95% compared with the bearing chamber sealing system without the anti-screw structure. The clearance of the anti-screw structure had no obvious effect on the sealing and leakage characteristics of the oil. -
图 2 密封长度对临界封油压差影响
Figure 2. Length of the seal has an effect on the differential pressure of the critical seal oil
图 6 滑油体积分数随时间变化（常规结构）
Figure 6. Volume fraction of oil varies over time（conventional structure）
图 7 油气两相分布随时间变化 （常规结构，Δp=5 kPa、n=
15000 r/min）Figure 7. Effect of time on oil and gas distribution（conventional structure, Δp =5 kPa，n=
15000 r/min）
图 8 滑油体积分数为80%等值面（常规结构， Δp=5 kPa、n=
15000 r/min）Figure 8. Isosurface of oil volume fraction is 80% （conventional structure, Δp=5 kPa，n=
15000 r/min）
图 9 轴承腔封严系统二维示意图
Figure 9. Two-dimensional schematic diagram of bearing chamber sealing system
图 11 转速对滑油无量纲泄漏量影响 （Δp=1 kPa）
Figure 11. Effect of rotational speed on dimensionless oil leakage （Δp=1 kPa）
图 12 转速对滑油无量纲泄漏量影响 （Δp=5 kPa）
Figure 12. Effect of rotational speed on dimensionless oil leakage （Δp=5 kPa）
图 13 压差对滑油无量纲泄漏量影响（n=0 r/min）
Figure 13. Effect of pressure difference on dimensionless oil leakage （n=0 r/min）
图 14 压差对滑油无量纲泄漏量影响（n=
7500 r/min）Figure 14. Effect of pressure difference on dimensionless oil leakage （n=
7500 r/min）
图 15 压差对滑油无量纲泄漏量影响（n=
15000 r/min）Figure 15. Effect of pressure difference on dimensionless oil leakage （n=
15000 r/min）
图 16 带有反螺纹结构轴承腔封严系统
Figure 16. Bearing chamber sealing system with reverse thread structure
图 17 滑油体积分数随时间变化（反螺纹结构）
Figure 17. Volume fraction of oil varies over time（anti-screw structure）
图 18 油气两相分布随时间变化（反螺纹结构, Δp=5 kPa、n=
15000 r/min）Figure 18. Effect of time on oil and gas distribution（anti-screw structure, Δp=5 kPa, n=
15000 r/min）
图 19 滑油体积分数为80%等值面（反螺纹结构, Δp=5 kPa、n=
15000 r/min）Figure 19. Isosurface of oil volume fraction is 80% （anri-screw structure, Δp=5 kPa，n=
15000 r/min）
图 20 滑油体积分数为1%等值面图（Δp=5 kPa、n=
15000 r/min）Figure 20. Isosurface of oil volume fraction is 1% （Δp=5 kPa，n=
15000 r/min）
图 21 反螺纹结构对滑油无量纲泄漏量的影响
Figure 21. Effect of anti-screw structure on dimensionless oil leakage
图 22 反螺纹间隙对滑油无量纲泄漏量影响
Figure 22. Effect of anti-screw clearance on dimensionless oil leakage
表 1 试验件结构参数
Table 1. Structural parameters of the test piece
mm 参数 数值 油腔、气腔直径 155 密封间隙 0.05 油腔高度 155 气腔高度 90 进气口直径 8 
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表 3 常规轴承腔封严系统结构参数
Table 3. Structural parameters of conventional bearing chamber sealing system
参数 数值 内径Di/mm 78 外径Do/mm 98 密封间隙H1/μm 50 封严腔宽度L1/mm 25 轴承腔宽度L2/mm 25 腔室高度e/mm 10 密封长度l2/mm 15
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表 4 边界设置参数
Table 4. Boundary setting parameters
参数 数值 进气口压力/MPa 0.101，0.103，0.105 进油口流量/（kg/s） 0.06 通风口压力/MPa 0.1 回油口压力/MPa 0.1 转速/（r/min） 0， 7500 ，15000
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