Numerical and experimental study on leakage characteristics of combined elastic metal seal
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摘要:
为研究组合式弹性金属密封泄漏特性，针对接触泄漏通道、间隙泄漏通道建立两种泄漏特性数值计算模型，在宏观力学特性数值计算结果的基础上，基于分形理论建立了考虑实际粗糙接触表面的组合式弹性金属密封泄漏特性求解模型，并设计搭建了组合式弹性金属密封泄漏特性实验装置，在实验验证数值求解模型准确性的基础上，研究了组合式弹性金属密封在不同内外腔压差、压缩量下的力学特性与泄漏特性，并分析表面粗糙度影响下的密封机理。研究结果表明：等效应力随着内外腔压差的增大、压缩量的增加而不断增大；而泄漏量随压缩量的增加、温度的增加而逐渐减小，在最大压比、最大压缩量条件下泄漏量较初始条件减少24.12%；表面粗糙度对组合式弹性金属密封的泄漏量影响较大，表面粗糙度以及压缩量会影响接触处泄漏通道间隙进而影响其流场分布，本文提出的考虑表面粗糙度的数值计算方法较传统方法误差较小，可较为准确计算组合式弹性金属密封的泄漏量，为组合式弹性金属密封泄漏特性分析提供理论依据。
Abstract:In order to study the leakage characteristics of the combined elastic metal seal, two kinds of numerical calculation models for the leakage characteristics of the contact leakage channel and the gap leakage channel were established. On basis of the numerical calculation results of the macroscopic mechanical characteristics, a solution model for the leakage characteristics of the combined elastic metal seal considering the actual rough contact surface was established based on the fractal theory. An experimental device for leakage characteristics of the combined elastic metal seal was designed and built. Based on experimental verification of the accuracy of the numerical solution model, the mechanical characteristics and leakage characteristics of the combined elastic metal seal under different pressure difference and compression amount of the internal and external cavities were studied, and the sealing mechanism under the influence of roughness was analyzed. The results showed that the equivalent stress increased with the increase of pressure difference and compression quantity. The leakage decreased gradually with the increase of compression and temperature, and the leakage decreased by 24.12% under the conditions of maximum pressure ratio and maximum compression. Surface roughness had a great influence on the leakage amount of the combined elastic metal seal, and roughness and compression could affect the leakage channel gap at the contact and then affect the flow field distribution. The numerical calculation method considering roughness had less error than the traditional method, and can calculate the leakage amount of the combined elastic metal seal more accurately, providing a theoretical basis for analysis of leakage characteristics of the combined elastic metal seal.
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图 1 组合式弹性金属密封位置图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the position for combined elastic metal seal
图 2 组合式弹性金属密封泄漏通道表征图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of leakage passage for combined elastic metal seal
图 3 粗糙接触表面接触示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the contact between rough and smooth surface
图 14 接触应力随压缩量变化关系
Figure 14. Relationship between contact stress and compression amount
图 23 不同压缩量下速度变化关系
Figure 23. Relationship of velocity change under different compression
表 1 材料参数
Table 1. Material parameters
温度
T/K抗拉强度
σb/MPa屈服强度
σs/MPa弹性模量
E/GPa293 1465 1265 203 923 1180 1030 167 
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表 2 力学特性求解模型边界条件
Table 2. Boundary conditions of the mechanical properties solving model
部件 接触设置模块 内、外封严片 Bond 外封严片与顶块 Rough 弹性片与封严片 Frictional 封严片与底座 Frictional
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表 3 泄漏模型工况参数
Table 3. Operating parameters of the leakage model
参数 数值 出口压力/MPa 0.1 进口压比 1～4 接触应力/MPa 60～160 表面粗糙度/μm 0.8～3.2
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