Research on vibration control methods of aircraft engine rotor system based on an active elastic support/dry friction damper
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摘要:
为满足高性能航空发动机对转子振动主动控制的需要，基于主控式弹支干摩擦阻尼器建立主动控制模型并根据模态控制策略，设计开关控制器与PI（proportional-integral）控制器，然后以某型航空发动机高压转子试验器为对象开展仿真分析并进行试验验证。结果表明：根据模态控制策略设计的开关控制和PI控制方法有效地控制了转子通过临界转速的振动，减振最高可达96.17%。此外，相较于开关控制方法，PI控制方法更有利于转子稳定性，能以更低的控制代价实现控制目标且具有针对多种工况振动实时应变的控制能力。
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关键词:
- 振动主动控制 /
- 主控式弹支干摩擦阻尼器 /
- 模态控制策略 /
- 开关控制 /
- PI控制
Abstract:In order to meet the needs of active control of rotor vibration of high performance aero-engine, an active control model was established based on the active elastic support/dry friction damper, and a switch controller and a PI (proportional-integral) controller were designed according to the modal control strategy. Then, simulation analysis and experimental verification were carried out with a certain type of aero-engine high pressure rotor tester as the object. The results demonstrated that both control methods effectively suppressed rotor vibration during critical speed transitions, achieving a maximum vibration reduction of 96.17%. Furthermore, compared to the switching control method, the PI controller proved more conducive to rotor stability. It achieved the control objectives at a lower cost, owing to its superior ability to adapt in real-time to vibrations under various operational conditions.
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图 1 高压转子有限元模型及阻尼器结构示意图
Figure 1. Finite element model of rotor system and structure diagram of damper
图 6 开关控制和被动控制转子不平衡响应对比
Figure 6. Comparison of unbalanced responses of rotors under switch control and passive control
图 8 不同控制方法转子不平衡响应对比
Figure 8. Comparison of rotor unbalance response under different control methods
图 10 不同控制方法下转子的不平衡响应曲线（2倍不平衡量）
Figure 10. Unbalanced response curve of rotor under different control methods （2 times unbalance）
图 11 某型发动机高压转子试验器实物图
Figure 11. High-pressure rotor simulation experimenter for a certain type of engine
图 13 无阻尼器试验开关控制区域划分
Figure 13. Switch control area division in experiment without damper
图 14 试验不同控制方法转子不平衡响应对比
Figure 14. Experimental comparison of rotor unbalance response under different control methods
图 15 试验不同控制方法电压随转速变化对比
Figure 15. Comparison of experimental voltage with speed under different control methods
图 16 不同控制方法下转子的幅频曲线（非设计工况）
Figure 16. Amplitude-frequency curve of rotor under different control methods （non-design working conditions）
表 1 转子关键参数
Table 1. Key parameters of rotor
参数 数值或说明 1支点刚度k/106 （N/m） 3.20 2支点刚度k/106 （N/m） 3.85 不平衡量/（g·cm） 32 动摩擦片材料 铜 静摩擦片材料 钢 
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表 2 阻尼器组合及相应正压力
Table 2. Damper combination and corresponding pressure
参数 数值或说明 1阶 2阶 控制目标幅值/µm 20 20 阻尼器 1支点 2支点 1支点 2支点 正压力/N 49 24 0 180
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表 3 开关控制区域划分
Table 3. Switch control area division
参数 数值或说明 控制区域1 控制区域2 开始/结束 开始 结束 开始 结束 转速w/（r/min） 1 930 2310 4710 5660
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表 4 开关控制正压力
Table 4. Pressure used for switch control
参数 数值或说明 控制区域1 控制区域2 阻尼器 1支点 2支点 1支点 2支点 正压力/N 49 24 0 180
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表 5 PI控制参数
Table 5. PI control parameters
项目 数值或说明 控制区域 1 控制区域2 阻尼器 1支点 2支点 1支点 2支点 控制参数 Kp Ki Kp Ki Kp Ki Kp Ki 数值/106 0.16 0.16 0.08 0.08 0 0 1.8 2.1
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表 6 不同控制方法下的控制效果和控制代价对比
Table 6. Comparison of control effect and control cost of different control methods
% 项目 控制效果 控制代价 模态 1阶 2阶 1阶 2阶 被动控制（1阶） 91.97 100 被动控制（2阶） 80.18 100 开关控制 91.97 80.18 5.85 14.60 PI控制 89.35 80.11 4.29 11.13
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表 7 不同控制方法的控制效果和目标满足情况对比（非设计工况）
Table 7. Comparison of control effect and target satisfaction under different control methods （non-design working conditions）
控制方法 控制效果/% 控制目标
满足情况1阶模态 2阶模态 开关控制 49.96 41.58 未满足 PI控制 95.74 90.04 满足
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表 8 传感器技术参数
Table 8. Technical parameters of sensors
参数 数值或说明 传感器类型 光电传感器 位移传感器 型号 B＆K P-84 B＆K IN-085 精度/（mV/µm） 8
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表 9 开关控制试验区域划分
Table 9. Area division of switch control experiment
参数 数值或说明 控制区域1 控制区域2 开始/结束 开始 结束 开始 结束 转速w/（r/min） 2 000 2400 4600 5400
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表 10 开关控制试验所用电压
Table 10. Voltage of switch control experiment
参数 数值或说明 控制区域1 控制区域2 阻尼器 1支点 2支点 1支点 2支点 电压/V 55 0 0 55
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表 11 试验PI控制参数
Table 11. Control parameters of PI control experiment
项目 数值或说明 控制区域 1 控制区域2 阻尼器 1支点 2支点 1支点 2支点 控制参数 Kp Ki Kp Ki Kp Ki Kp Ki 数值/106 0.8 0.03 0 0 0 0 0.8 0.05
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表 12 试验不同控制方法下的控制效果和控制代价对比
Table 12. Comparison of control effect and control cost of different control method experiments
% 项目 控制效果 控制电压 模态 1阶 2阶 1阶 2阶 被动控制（1阶） 90.89 100 被动控制（2阶） 95.50 100 开关控制 90.93 96.17 7.78 15.39 PI控制 88.01 88.72 4.33 12.35
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