Strength evaluation method of flange connection bolt structure under impact load
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摘要:
针对冲击载荷下法兰连接螺栓结构强度评估方法研究开展研究。设计并加工动态力学性能材料试验件，通过试验获取螺栓材料动态力学行为模型，试验表明螺栓用材料IN718具有明显的应变率强化效应，在中高应变率条件下，材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度均有所提高；设计并加工断裂力学模型标定试验件，通过试验表明不同应力状态下材料断裂力学试验表明螺栓用材料的断裂应变与材料所受应力空间状态相关。并建立考虑应力三轴度和罗德角的螺栓材料断裂力学模型。最终基于上述材料试验结果结合仿真建立起螺栓冲击载荷下强度评估方法。通过冲击试验结果与评估分析结果对比表明，在给定冲击载荷条件下，所建立的综合考虑螺栓材料动态力学性能和断裂力学性能的评估结果与试验结果吻合，在
1500 J冲击能量下，螺栓未发生断裂。而传统力学评估方法结果表明螺栓发生断裂，评估结果偏于保守。Abstract:A research on the strength evaluation method of flange connection bolt structure under impact load was conducted. The dynamic mechanical performance material test specimens were processed, the dynamic mechanical behavior of bolt materials was obtained through tests. The dynamic tensile test showed that the material IN718 for bolts had a significant strain rate strengthening effect. Under medium to high strain rate conditions, the yield strength and tensile strength of the material were both improved. The fracture mechanics model calibration test specimens were processed. The fracture mechanics tests of materials under different stress states showed that the fracture strain of bolt materials was related to the stress spatial state of the materials. And the bolt material fracture mechanics model considering stress triaxiality and Lode’s angle was established through tests. The strength evaluation method for bolts under impact load was established based on the above material tests and finite element method. The comparison between the impact test results and the evaluation analysis results showed that under the given impact load conditions, the evaluation results of the comprehensive consideration of the dynamic mechanical properties and fracture mechanical properties of bolt materials were consistent with the test results; under
1500 J impact energy, the bolt did not fracture. However, the results of traditional mechanical evaluation methods indicated that the bolt was fractured, and the evaluation results were conservative. -
图 3 不同应变率下应力-塑性应变曲线
Figure 3. Stress-plastic strain curves under different strain rates
图 4 应变率与抗拉强度、屈服强度的关系
Figure 4. Relationship between strain rate and tensile strength, yield strength
图 5 4种反应不同受力状态的试样（单位：mm）
Figure 5. Four types of test specimens with different stress states （unit：mm）
图 9 试验与仿真载荷-位移曲线对比
Figure 9. Comparison of test and simulation displacement-load curves
图 11 考虑应变率效应的MMC 3D断裂面
Figure 11. MMC 3D-fracture surface with considering strain rate effect
图 19
2000 J冲击能量下仿真与试验结果对比Figure 19. Comparison of simulation and test results under
2000 J impact energy
图 20 2 500 J冲击能量下仿真与试验结果对比
Figure 20. Comparison of simulation and test results under 2 500 J impact energy
表 1 各试样应力三轴度、罗德角与等效断裂应变
Table 1. Stress triaxiality，Lode parameter and effective fracture strain
试样 $ \eta $ $ \bar {\theta } $ $ {\varepsilon }_{{\mathrm{f}}} $ 颈缩平板试样SG1 0.47 0.94 0.13 颈缩棒材试样SG2 0.61 0.99 0.17 标准拉伸试样SG3 0.33 1.00 0.274 纯剪切试样SG4 0 0 0.435 
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表 2 MMC断裂模型参数
Table 2. Fracture parameters of MMC model
材料 A n c1 c2 c3 IN718 1651.9 0.0621 0.223 2472.5 1.98
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表 3 两种评估方案结果对比
Table 3. Comparison of results between two evaluation projects
方案 冲击
能量/J等效前端
载荷/kN螺栓失效
情况螺栓等效应力/
MPa1 1500 502 未断裂 1638 2 1500 502 全部断裂 1204
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