Study on cooling effectiveness and flow resistance characteristics of a double-layer corrugated heat shield with variable phase differences
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摘要:
为了解决加力燃烧室纵向波纹隔热屏冷气用量多与波纹结构特征带来的局部低冷效区域的问题，提出了双层波纹隔热屏冷却结构。采用数值模拟方法，研究了变相位差、变振幅比条件下双层波纹隔热屏的冷却效率和流阻特性的变化规律。结果表明：当相位差范围在−π/4～π/4时，局部低冷效区得到改善，同时隔热屏整体的面平均综合冷却效率和均温性得以提高。相位差为π/8时，双层波纹隔热屏的相对面平均综合冷效和冷效均匀度最高，分别为10.49%和13.44%。相位差在正、负方向过大会导致气膜孔流量分配不合理，增大气膜孔入口的突缩损失。另外发现，振幅比的增加可以有效提高波峰附近的冷却效率，减少波峰和波谷的冷效差值，振幅比为2时效果最优。
Abstract:In order to solve the problem of large amount of cold air and local low cooling effectiveness area caused by the characteristic of corrugated structure in the longitudinal corrugated heat shield of an afterburner, a double-layer corrugated heat shield cooling structure was proposed. The cooling effectiveness and flow resistance characteristics of the double-layer corrugated heat shield with varying phase difference and amplitude ratio were studied by numerical simulation. The results showed that when the phase difference was from −π/4 to π/4, the local low cooling effectiveness area was improved, and the surface average overall cooling effectiveness and the temperature uniformity of the heat shield were improved at the same time. The relative surface average overall cooling effectiveness and cooling effectiveness uniformity of the double-layer corrugated heat shield with phase difference π/8 were the highest, i.e. 10.49% and 13.44%, respectively. When the phase difference was too large in the positive and negative directions, it may lead to the unreasonable flow rate distribution of the film holes and could increase the shrinkage loss of the film holes entrance. In addition, it was found that the increase of amplitude ratio can effectively improve the cooling effectiveness near the peak of wave and reduce the cooling effectiveness difference between the peak and the valley of the longitudinal corrugated effusion plate. When the amplitude ratio was 2, the cooling effect was the best.
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图 6 单层与双层波纹隔热屏的综合冷效分布
Figure 6. Overall cooling effectiveness of single and double rippled heat shield
图 8 冲击射流流线与冲击靶面Nuc分布
Figure 8. Streamlines in impingement chamber and contours of Nuc on impingement target surface
图 9 冲击腔内湍动能分布
Figure 9. Distributions of turbulent kinetic energy in impingement chamber
图 10 不同相位差的展向平均综合冷效
Figure 10. Spanwise average overall cooling effectiveness of different $ \Delta \varphi $
图 11 相对面平均综合冷效和均匀度
Figure 11. Relative surface average overall cooling effectiveness and uniformity
图 17 不同振幅比下展向平均综合冷效分布
Figure 17. Spanwise average overall cooling effectiveness with different amplitude ratios
表 1 主要结构参数
Table 1. Main structure parameters
参数 数值 波长L/mm 60 孔流向间距S/df 6.4 孔展向间距P/df 3.2 基准冲击距Hi/di 7 发散板振幅Af/mm 2.7 振幅比Ai/Af 1.0，1.5，2.0，2.5 相位差 $ \Delta \varphi $ $ -{\text{π}} $/2$ ～{\text{π}} $/2 
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表 2 计算边界条件
Table 2. Computational boundary condition
参数 数值 主流雷诺数 Reg（df） 450 次流流量 $ \dot{{m}_{\mathrm{c}}} $/（kg/s） 0.0006 主流入口温度Tg/K 1950 次流入口温度Tc/K 400 出口压力 pout /MPa 0.16
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