高空台流量管新型篦齿密封结构性能分析与设计研究

张兴源; 艾延廷; 田金虎; 张文亮; 姚玉东; 孙丹

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20230653

高空台流量管新型篦齿密封结构性能分析与设计研究

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20230653

1.
沈阳航空航天大学航空发动机学院辽宁省航空推进系统先进测试技术重点实验室，沈阳 110136
2.
中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院高空模拟技术国防重点实验室，四川绵阳 621000
3.
西北工业大学动力与能源学院，西安 710129

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52075346）

详细信息

作者简介:
张兴源（1996-），女，硕士，主要从事航空发动机结构、强度与振动方面的研究。E-mail：1550591658@qq.com

通讯作者:
艾延廷（1963-），男，教授、博士生导师，博士，主要从事航空发动机结构、强度与振动方面的研究。E-mail：ytai@163.com

中图分类号: V263.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-13
- 网络出版日期: 2025-07-14

Analysis and design study on the structural performance of new flow tube grate tooth seal for high altitude table

1.
Liaoning Key Lab of Advanced Test Technology for Aerospace Propulsion System， School of Aero-engine，Shenyang Aerospace University，Shenyang 110136，China
2.
National Defense Key Laboratory on Aero-Engine Altitude Simulation Technology，Sichuan Gas Turbine Establishment，Aero Engine Corporation of China，Mianyang Sichuan 621000，China
3.
School of Power and Energy，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 710129，China

摘要

摘要:
基于热流固耦合方法，建立了高空台新型流量管篦齿密封结构模型，开展密封特性仿真与试验研究；然后，揭示密封结构前后端设计间隙对篦齿密封性能和碰磨的影响规律，使用响应面法对密封结构间隙进行优化设计；最后，对比分析优化前后的结构性能。研究表明：泄漏量仿真结果与试验结果误差不超过9.2%；以剩余间隙不超过0.1 mm为优化条件，得到前端设计间隙为1.9 mm，密封设计间隙为0.75 mm，后端设计间隙为2.1 mm。优化后篦齿密封结构泄漏量为0.004 56 kg/s，与优化前相比封严性能提高82.6%，优化后篦齿最大流速、结构最大温度和结构最大变形分别降低了18%、2.1%、3.6%。本研究可以为高空模拟试验台篦齿密封结构设计、安装调试和安全使用提供技术支撑。
- 高空台 /
- 篦齿封严 /
- 热流固耦合 /
- 泄漏特性 /
- 碰磨失效
Abstract:
A new flow tube grate tooth sealing structure model of high-altitude table was built based on the heat-fluid-solid coupling method. Simulation and experimental studies of the sealing characteristics were carried out. The influence of the design gap on the sealing performance and contact wear of grate teeth was revealed. The gap was optimized by response surface methodology. Finally, the structural performance before and after optimization was analyzed comparatively. The study showed that the error between the simulation and experimental results of the leakage volume did not exceed 9.2%. Taking the remaining clearance not exceeding 0.1 mm as the optimization condition, the front-end design clearance of 1.9 mm was obtained, the seal design clearance was 0.75 mm, and the back-end design clearance was 2.1 mm. After optimization, the leakage of grate tooth seal structure was 0.00456 kg/s, and the sealing performance was improved by 82.6% compared with that before optimization. After optimization, the maximum flow rate of the grate teeth, the maximum temperature of the structure and the maximum deformation of the structure were reduced by 18%, 2.1% and 3.6%, respectively. This study can provide a technical support for the design, installation and commissioning, and safe use of the grate seal structure of the high-altitude simulation experiment table.
- high altitude table /
- grate sealing /
- heat-fluid-solid coupling /
- leakage characteristics /
- contact wear failure

HTML

图 1 新型篦齿密封结构模型

Figure 1. Model of a new labyrinth seal structure

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图 2 高空台新型流量管篦齿密封结构尺寸

Figure 2. Dimension diagram of a new type of labyrinth seal joint structure

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图 3 结构网格

Figure 3. Structural meshing

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图 4 结构边界条件

Figure 4. Structural boundary conditions

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图 5 密封结构约束

Figure 5. Seal structure constraints

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图 6 试验系统

Figure 6. Experimental system

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图 7 试验件

1 进口；2 控制口；3 螺栓孔；4 稳压器挡板；5 稳压气腔；6 测试件。

Figure 7. Experimental pieces

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图 8 篦齿密封结构密封性能试验与数值计算结果对比

Figure 8. Comparison of sealing performance experiment and numerical calculation results of labyrinth seal structure

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图 9 不同密封间隙流场压力变化云图

Figure 9. Schematic diagram of pressure change in flow field with different sealing gaps

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图 10 不同密封间隙下的流场速度变化云图

Figure 10. Schematic diagram of flow field velocity change with different sealing gaps

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图 11 设计间隙与泄漏量的关系

Figure 11. Relationship between design gap and leakage

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图 12 设计间隙与各剩余间隙的关系

Figure 12. Relationship between design clearance and each remaining clearance

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图 13 参数对剩余间隙的极差图

Figure 13. Range chart of parameters on residual clearance

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图 14 两个参数对剩余间隙的交互影响

Figure 14. Interaction influence of two parameters on residual clearance

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图 15 优化前后速度云图

Figure 15. Speed clouds before and after optimization

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图 16 优化前后温度云图

Figure 16. Temperature cloud before and after optimization

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图 17 优化前后变形云图

Figure 17. Deformation cloud before and after optimization

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表 1 篦齿密封结构材料参数

Table 1. Labyrinth seal material characteristics

参数	数值
密度/（kg/m³）	7850
泊松比	0.3
弹性模量/10¹¹ Pa	2
各向同性导热系数/（W/（m·K））	60.5
热膨胀系数/10⁻⁵ K⁻¹	1.2
比定压热容/（J/（kg·K））	434

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表 2 边界条件

Table 2. Boundary conditions

边界条件	数值
主流进口压力与出口压力之比	1.5
出口压力/Pa	101325
主流进口温度/K	623
控制口温度/K	299
出口温度/K	299

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表 3 优化参数变化范围和初始值

Table 3. Range of optimize parametric variation and initial values mm

范围	d₁	s	d₂
最大值	3	3	3
最小值	1	1	1
初始值	2	2	2

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表 4 试验设计和计算结果（典型条件：主入口压力比1.5/控制入口压力比1.5）

Table 4. Experiment design and calculation results (typical conditions: main inlet pressure ratio 1.5/control inlet pressure ratio 1.5) mm

序号	d₁	s	d₂	Y₁	Y₂	Y₃
1	1	1	2	−0.8781	0.3256	−0.0691
2	3	1	2	1.1145	0.3238	−0.0814
3	1	3	2	−0.9978	2.4202	−0.036
4	3	3	2	0.8193	2.5244	−0.3006
5	1	2	1	−0.8725	1.4177	−1.0762
6	3	2	1	0.9588	1.4781	−1.1704
7	1	2	3	−0.8659	1.3902	0.9368
8	3	2	3	0.925	1.2042	0.7507
9	2	1	1	0.108	0.3505	−1.0885
10	2	3	1	−0.0789	2.4514	−1.1916
11	2	1	3	0.107	0.3434	0.9094
12	2	3	3	−0.1087	2.477	0.7269
13	2	2	2	−0.0101	1.397	−0.0018
14	2	2	2	−0.0124	1.3949	−0.0038
15	2	2	2	−0.0121	1.3882	−0.0033
16	2	2	2	−0.0124	1.3946	−0.0022
17	2	2	2	−0.0126	1.3961	−0.0026

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表 5 多目标优化的结果

Table 5. Results of multi-objective optimization

设计值	d₁/mm	s/mm	d₂/mm	泄漏量/（g/s）	Y₁/mm	Y₂/mm	Y₃/mm
初始设计值	2	2	2	26.22	−0.0101	1.397	−0.0018
优化设计值	1.9	0.75	2.1	4.56	0.048	0.082	0.063
提升				82.6%	+0.0581	−1.315	+0.0648

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