螺头/螺母约束状态对螺纹松动特性的影响

张功平; 刘文光; 黄政; 李可昊; 成龙

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20230675

螺头/螺母约束状态对螺纹松动特性的影响

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20230675

南昌航空大学航空制造与机械工程学院，南昌 330063

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52365012）；江西省自然科学基金（20224ACB204015）

详细信息

作者简介:
张功平（1998-），男，硕士生，主要从事螺栓连接结构振动松动研究。E-mail：1974675619@qq.com

通讯作者:
刘文光（1978-），男，教授、硕士生导师，博士，主要从事结构动力学和疲劳寿命预测研究。E-mail：liuwg14@nchu.edu.cn

中图分类号: V232；TH131.3；TH122
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-26
- 网络出版日期: 2024-04-15

Effect of bolthead/nut constraint state on thread loosening characteristics

School of Aeronautical Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering，Nanchang Hangkong University，Nanchang 330063，China

摘要

摘要:
为研究螺头/螺母约束状态对螺纹松动特性的影响，提出了约束螺头或螺母的两种螺纹连接防松结构，建立了单搭接单螺栓连接结构的精细有限元模型，分析了横向振动条件下不同防松模型螺纹松动的过程，并进一步讨论了不同模型在不同加载、螺纹面摩擦因数、承压面摩擦因数等条件下的螺纹松动特性，通过螺纹松动试验验证了防松效果。结果表明：在相同条件下，对于未约束螺头和螺母的普通连接结构，在振动前期螺栓预紧力损失最大，最容易发生松动；对于约束螺头的新型连接结构，其螺栓预紧力衰退最慢、损失最少，具有很好的防松效果；而对于约束螺母的连接结构，其螺纹松动最快，不具有防松效果；工程中可以考虑设计螺头被约束的连接结构，以提高螺纹连接防松能力。
- 螺纹松动 /
- 约束状态 /
- 预紧力 /
- 摩擦因数 /
- 防松
Abstract:
In order to investigate the effects of the constraint state of bolthead/nut on the thread loosening characteristics, two kinds of anti-loosening structures with bolthead constraint or nut constraint were proposed. The fine finite element model of a single-lapped and single bolted joint structure was developed, and the thread loosening process of different kinds of anti-loosening models under transverse vibration was simulated. Thereafter, the thread loosening characteristics of different models under different loading, friction factors of the threaded surfaces, and friction factors of the bearing surfaces were analyzed. A thread loosening test was carried out to verify the anti-loosening effect in the end. Results indicated that under the same conditions, for the ordinary bolted joint without constrained bolthead and nut, the preload loss was the largest in the pre-vibration period, and the easiest to occur loosening. For the new type of bolted joint with constrained bolt head, the preload recession was the slowest, the loss was the smallest, and it had excellent anti-loosening effect. For the bolted joint with constrained nut, the loosening was the fastest, and no anti-loosening effect was achieved. In the project application, the bolted joint of constraining the bolthead can be considered in design to improve the anti-loosening capability.
- thread loosening /
- constraint state /
- preload /
- coefficient of friction /
- anti-loosening

HTML

图 1 螺头/螺母不同约束状态下的螺栓连接结构

Figure 1. Bolted joint structures with different constraint states of the bolthead/nut

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图 2 螺栓连接结构有限元模型

Figure 2. Finite element model of bolted joint structure

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图 3 拧紧加载示意图

Figure 3. Tightening loading schematic

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图 4 横向振动位移载荷施加过程

Figure 4. Transverse vibration displacement load application process

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图 5 有限元方法施加预紧力与理论值的比较

Figure 5. Comparison of preload obtained by finite element method and theoretical value

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图 6 螺栓预紧力与旋松角度随加载次数的变化

Figure 6. Variation of preload and loosening angle with the vibration cycles

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图 7 螺纹面黏结-滑移接触状态变化

Figure 7. Variation of sticking-sliping contact state of thread surfaces

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图 8 不同最大振动幅值下螺栓预紧力的变化

Figure 8. Variation of preload for different maximum vibration amplitudes

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图 9 不同最大振动幅值下振动40次后预紧力损失比

Figure 9. Preload loss ratio after 40 vibrations with different maximum vibration amplitudes

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图 10 不同螺纹面摩擦因数下螺栓预紧力的变化

Figure 10. Variation of preload with different thread surface friction factors

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图 11 不同螺纹面摩擦因数下40次振动后预紧力损失比

Figure 11. Preload loss ratio after 40 vibrations with different thread surface friction factors

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图 12 不同承压面摩擦因数下螺栓预紧力的变化

Figure 12. Variation of preload with different friction factors of bearing surface

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图 13 不同承压面摩擦因数下40次振动后预紧力损失比

Figure 13. Preload loss ratio after 40 vibrations with different friction factors of bearing surface

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图 14 横向振动试验装置图

Figure 14. Transverse vibration tester

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图 15 螺头/螺母不同约束状态试验装配效果图

Figure 15. Effect of test assembly of bolthead/nut under different constraint states

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图 16 不同初始预紧力下螺栓预紧力的变化

Figure 16. Variation of preload with different initial preloads

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图 17 不同最大振动幅值下螺栓预紧力的变化

Figure 17. Variation of preload for different maximum vibration amplitudes

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