Research on sealing performance of 60° spherical cone joint for pipeline
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摘要:
为探究60°球头锥面管路连接件在不同拧紧力矩、工作压力和材料组合条件下密封性能，采用有限元分析方法，以漏率作为密封性能评价指标，分析条件变化对结构密封性的影响。结果表明：拧紧力矩的增加有利于提高结构密封性，当拧紧力矩从15 N·m增加至25 N·m时，漏率下降速率最高。工作压力升高会降低结构密封性，工作压力在7～25 MPa范围内变化时，漏率保持在较低水平，最大值1.86×10−6 Pa·m3/s。工作压力从25 MPa升高至50 MPa时，漏率上升速率加大，最大值8.65×10−6 Pa·m3/s，较25 MPa时漏率增大4.7倍，此时漏率对压力变化更为敏感。对于1Cr18Ni9Ti和LF3两种材料，在不同组合条件下均能保持良好密封性，球形接头和锥形接管嘴选用异种材料密封性略高于选用同种材料。其中球形接头选用1Cr18Ni9Ti，锥形接管嘴选用LF3密封效果最好。
Abstract:A finite element analysis was conducted to investigate the sealing effectiveness of the 60° spherical cone joint under different tightening torques, working pressures, and materials. The analysis evaluated the leakage rate and discussed the influence of changing conditions on the structural sealing performance. The results indicated that increasing the tightening torque can improve the sealing effectiveness. Specifically, the highest rate of decrease in leakage rate was observed when the tightening torque increased from 15 N·m to 25 N·m. Conversely, increasing the working pressure reduced the sealing effectiveness. Within the range of 7 MPa to 25 MPa, the leakage rate was kept at a relatively low level, with a maximum leakage rate of 1.86×10−6 Pa·m3/s. When the working pressure increased from 25 MPa to 50 MPa, the rate of leakage escalated, reaching a maximum of 8.65×10−6 Pa·m3/s, which was 4.7 times higher than that at 25 MPa. The sealing performance was more sensitive to the pressure change. For both 1Cr18Ni9Ti and LF3 materials, good sealing can be achieved under different combinations, with slightly better sealing performance observed for different materials used in spherical joints and conical nozzles compared with the same material. Notably, the best sealing effect was achieved with 1Cr18Ni9Ti for the spherical joint and LF3 for the cone hole.
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图 2 载荷施加后泄漏通道截面形式
Figure 2. Cross-section form of leakage channel after load application
图 7 不同拧紧力矩下等效应力云图
Figure 7. Equivalent stress cloud diagrams under different tightening torques
图 8 不同拧紧力矩下接触压力云图
Figure 8. Contact pressure cloud diagrams under different tightening torques
图 9 等效应力随拧紧力矩变化趋势
Figure 9. Variation trend of equivalent stress with tightening torques
图 10 接触压力随拧紧力矩变化趋势
Figure 10. Variation trend of contact pressure with tightening torques
图 11 不同拧紧力矩下响应量及漏率变化趋势
Figure 11. Variation trend of response and leakage rate under different tightening torques
图 12 不同工作压力下等效应力云图
Figure 12. Equivalent stress cloud diagrams under different pressures
图 13 不同工作压力下接触压力云图
Figure 13. Contact pressure cloud diagrams under different pressures
图 16 不同工作压力下响应量及漏率变化趋势
Figure 16. Variation trend of response and leakage rate under different pressures
图 21 不同材料响应量及漏率变化趋势
Figure 21. Variation trend of response and leakage rate under different materials
表 1 材料力学性能
Table 1. Mechanical properties of materials
1Cr18Ni9Ti LF3 应力/MPa 塑性应变/% 应力/MPa 塑性应变/% 122.6 0 124 0 205 0.047 132.33 0.2 239 0.2 984 26.1 3800 54.2 
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表 2 漏率理论计算与实验测量结果
Table 2. Theoretical calculations and experimental measurements of leakage rate
工作压力/MPa 最大等效应力/MPa 有效接触面宽度/mm 理论计算漏率/（Pa·m3/s） 实验测量漏率/（Pa·m3/s） 7 339 0.51 3.74×10−7 3.61×10−7 10 338 0.48 5.87×10−7 5.61×10−7 15 336 0.51 8.81×10−7 8.59×10−7 20 333 0.48 1.36×10−6 1.38×10−6 23 331 0.48 1.66×10−6 1.64×10−6
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表 3 球形接头-锥形接管嘴材料
Table 3. Mechanical properties of materials
代号 球形接头材料 锥形接管嘴材料 SS-SS 1Cr18Ni9Ti（SS） 1Cr18Ni9Ti（SS） SS-Al 1Cr18Ni9Ti（SS） LF3（Al） Al-SS LF3（Al） 1Cr18Ni9Ti（SS） Al-Al LF3（Al） LF3（Al）
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表 4 接触压力计算结果
Table 4. Contact pressure calculation results
代号 距球形接头端面距离/mm 幅值/MPa 第一峰值距 第二峰值 第一峰值 第二峰值 SS-SS 1.4 2.7 740 601 SS-Al 1.1 2.9 496 408 Al-SS 1 3.3 452 431 Al-Al 0.9 3.4 385 359
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