Sine-on-random vibration profile for vibration environment test of external accessories
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摘要:
为了有效开展航空发动机外部附件的振动环境试验，研究振动试验载荷谱的制订方法。通过分析发动机外部振动环境的实测数据，确认环境载荷为正弦和随机混合激励，且正弦激励具有阶次特征，提出制订多分量正弦扫频叠加随机载荷谱以实现真实振动环境的准确刻画。建立基于振动实测的正弦叠加随机载荷谱的制订流程，基于疲劳损伤等效理论，实现多分量扫频谱型的确认并与随机谱型匹配叠加。通过机匣外部4个区域的载荷谱制订实例分析，结果表明：叠加载荷谱相比单成分载荷谱能完整刻画真实环境载荷的混合激励特征，相比于现行标准/规范中规定的载荷谱，新编载荷谱的频域特征与真实环境载荷一致，且振动能级严格等于真实载荷的统计容限。
Abstract:To conduct the vibration environment test of external accessories on aeroengine effectively, a development method of vibration environment test profile was studied. By processing the measured data of the vibration environment of the engine external accessories, it was confirmed that the vibration environment was a mixture of sinusoidal and random excitations, and sinusoidal excitations exhibited order characteristics. A multi-components swept sine-on-random (SoR) vibration profile was developed to accurately capture the real vibration environment. A development process of swept SoR vibration profile using vibration field measurement data was established. Based on the fatigue damage equivalent theory, the multi swept sine components and random components were matched and synthesised during the development process. Four example profiles were developed for different areas on the casing. The result showed that the SoR profile can fully characterize the mixed excitation characteristics of real environmental loads compared with the single component profile. Compared with the profile specified in current standards/specifications, the frequency domain characteristics of the new developed profile were consistent with the real environmental loads, and the vibration level was strictly equal to the statistical tolerance of the real loads.
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Key words:
- external accessories /
- vibration environment test /
- vibration profile /
- sine sweep /
- sine-on-random
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图 1 振动试验载荷谱制订的一般流程
Figure 1. General process of vibration profile development for vibration test
图 2 不同转速工况的振动环境实测上限谱
Figure 2. Measured upper limit spectrum of vibration environment under different rotational speed conditions
图 3 正弦分量关于高/低压转子转频阶次跟踪
Figure 3. Order track of sine components by high/low pressure rotors rotation frequencies
图 4 正弦阶次分量的频率-幅值曲线
Figure 4. Curve of frequency and amplitude of sine order components
图 6 阶次分量$i$的扫频过程（单程升频扫频）
Figure 6. Sweeping process of order component $i$ （single pass upward frequency sweep）
图 7 随机谱型与随机实测谱对比
Figure 7. Comparison between random profile and measured random spectrums
图 8 各正弦激励阶次对应的扫频分量谱型
Figure 8. Sweeping components profiles corresponding to sine excitation orders
图 9 保留的扫频分量和谱型的简化
Figure 9. Reserved sweep components and their patterns simplification
图 10 中介机匣区域正弦叠加随机载荷谱对比振动环境实测谱以及现行载荷谱
Figure 10. Sine-on-random vibration profile in intermediate casing area comparing with measured environmental vibration spectrums and standards’ profiles
图 11 风扇机匣区域正弦叠加随机载荷谱对比振动环境实测谱以及现行载荷谱
Figure 11. Sine-on-random vibration profile in fan casing area comparing with measured environmental vibration spectrums and standards’ profiles
图 12 外涵机匣区域正弦叠加随机载荷谱对比振动环境实测谱以及现行载荷谱
Figure 12. Sine-on-random vibration profile in bypass duct casing area comparing with measured environmental vibration spectrums and standards’ profiles
图 13 涡轮-加力机匣区域正弦叠加随机载荷谱对比振动环境实测谱以及现行载荷谱
Figure 13. Sine-on-random vibration profile in turbo-booster casing area comparing with measured environmental vibration spectrums and standards’ profiles
图 14 载荷谱中各扫频分量的最大幅值
Figure 14. Maximum amplitude of each sweep component in vibration profile
表 1 载荷谱制订相关信息表
Table 1. Information table related to vibration profile development
转速工况
（n2/n2max）/%$T_k^{{\text{life}}}$/h ${R_k}$/g $T_k^{{\text{test}}}$/h 79 0.0304 7.52 3.225×10−4 80 0.0350 12.58 2.904×10−3 82 0.0396 11.12 2.004×10−3 83 0.0441 12.52 3.593×10−3 84 0.0487 12.28 3.669×10−3 85 0.0533 13.66 6.144×10−3 86 0.0578 13.24 5.888×10−3 87 0.0624 14.28 8.596×10−3 88 0.0670 14.29 9.251×10−3 89 0.0670 16.74 1.742×10−2 91 0.0658 16.17 1.491×10−2 92 0.0647 14.84 1.039×10−2 93 0.0635 16.60 1.598×10−2 95 0.0624 16.14 1.403×10−2 96 0.0613 14.83 9.816×10−3 97 0.0601 16.50 1.476×10−2 98 0.0590 18.86 2.472×10−2 100 0.0578 22.53 4.937×10−2 
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