高超声速飞行器舱内隔热材料研究进展

党文伟; 李晓升; 李鲲; 赵金龙

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20230770

高超声速飞行器舱内隔热材料研究进展

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20230770

中国空空导弹研究院，河南洛阳 471009

详细信息

作者简介:
党文伟（1991-），男，工程师，硕士，从事空空导弹表面防热与非金属材料应用研究。E-mail：dangwenwei@126.com

中图分类号: V261
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-05
- 网络出版日期: 2025-07-25

Research progress on thermal insulation materials inside hypersonic aircraft cabins

China Airborne Missile Academy，Luoyang Henan 471009，China

摘要

摘要:
高超声速飞行器技术的快速发展对舱内隔热材料提出了更高的要求，轻质高效的隔热材料是保证飞行器内部电子仪器、电气设备等正常工作的关键。阐述了高超声速飞行器舱内隔热材料在热传导、热对流、热辐射传热模式下的工作机理及其导热系数测试方法，介绍了泡沫陶瓷隔热材料、有机泡沫隔热材料、纤维隔热材料及气凝胶隔热材料的研究现状。结果表明：不同的隔热材料因其结构差异而表现出不同的隔热机理和传热形式，通常经理论数学模型计算得到的导热系数并不准确，实际往往采用稳态法和非稳态法对导热系数进行测量。为解决当前隔热材料研究的难点问题，未来高超声速飞行器舱内隔热材料应以优化气孔结构、深入开发设计、特殊功能创新为新的发展方向。
- 高超声速 /
- 隔热材料 /
- 隔热机理 /
- 测试方法 /
- 发展方向
Abstract:
With the rapid development of hypersonic aircraft technology, there are higher requirements for cabin thermal insulation materials. Lightweight and efficient thermal insulation materials are the key to ensure the normal operation of electronic instruments, electrical equipment, and other components inside the aircraft. The working mechanism and thermal conductivity test method of thermal insulation materials in hypersonic vehicle cabin under the modes of heat conduction, heat convection and heat radiation were described. The research status of foam ceramic thermal insulation materials, organic foam thermal insulation materials, fiber thermal insulation materials and aerogel thermal insulation materials was introduced. The results indicated that different thermal insulation materials exhibited different thermal insulation mechanisms and heat transfer forms due to their structural differences. Generally, the thermal conductivity calculated by theoretical mathematical models is not accurate, and steady state and non-steady state methods are often used to measure the thermal conductivity. To solve current difficulties in the research of thermal insulation materials, the future development direction of thermal insulation materials in hypersonic aircraft cabins should focus on optimizing the pore structure, deepening development and design, and innovating special functions.
- hypersonic /
- thermal insulation material /
- thermal insulation mechanism /
- testing methods /
- development direction

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表 1 隔热材料在3种传热形式下的隔热机理

Table 1. Insulation mechanism of thermal insulation materials under three heat transfer forms

传热形式	传热本质	隔热机理
热传导	材料内部微观粒子（分子、原子、声子）的热运动而产生的热量传递	材料自身的导热系数和导热面积越小，热量传递越少，隔热效果越好
热对流	材料内部孔隙间气体流动而产生的热量传递	材料内部孔隙越小，连通性越差，气体对流运动越弱，隔热效果越好
热辐射	物质吸收或放射电磁波而产生的热量传递	材料红外遮蔽性越强，隔热效果越好

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