扇贝阻尼密封动力特性实验研究

姚明龙; 张万福; 周庆辉; 顾乾磊; 李春

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20230774

扇贝阻尼密封动力特性实验研究

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20230774

姚明龙^1,,
张万福^1,*, ,,
周庆辉¹,
顾乾磊²,
李春¹

1.
上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院，上海 200093
2.
东南大学能源与环境学院，南京 210096

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52375193，51875361）；上海市自然科学基金（20ZR1439200）

详细信息

作者简介:
姚明龙（2000-），男，硕士生，研究方向为透平机械密封动力学

通讯作者:
张万福（1986-），男，教授，博士，研究方向为透平机械流体激振、转子动力学。E-mail：wfzhang@usst.edu.cn

中图分类号: V233.5
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-07
- 网络出版日期: 2025-07-29

Experimental study on the dynamic characteristics of scallop damper seals

1.
School of Energy and Power Engineering，University of Shanghai for Science and Technology，Shanghai 200093，China
2.
School of Energy and Environment，Southeast University，Nanjing 210096，China

摘要

摘要:
扇贝阻尼密封动力特性直接影响转子所受流体激振力作用下系统运行的稳定性。采用阻抗法实验识别扇贝阻尼密封动力特性系数，实验测试了不同进口压力（0.141、0.181 MPa）及转速（1800、2400、3000 r/min）下密封动力特性系数的变化规律，并与基于计算流体力学方法的数值计算结果对比分析。结果表明：数值计算和实验结果趋势吻合度较高，变转速工况中数值误差小于15%，变压力工况中误差小于50%。阻尼系数实验结果略高于数值结果，刚度系数则相反。直接刚度与转速、进口压力呈正相关，与涡动频率呈负相关；有效阻尼与进口压力、低频（f<100 Hz）涡动频率呈正相关，与转速呈负相关，在高频（f >100 Hz）时有效阻尼趋于稳定，在进口压力为0.181 MPa工况下有效阻尼约为0.141 MPa下的1.6倍。相较于进口压力，扇贝阻尼密封动力特性受转速影响较小。
- 动力特性 /
- 扇贝阻尼密封 /
- 阻抗法 /
- 计算流体力学 /
- 有效阻尼
Abstract:
The dynamic characteristics of scallop damper seals play a crucial role in influencing the operational stability of the system in the presence of fluid-induced excitation forces acting on the rotor. The impedance method was employed to experimentally identify the dynamic characteristic coefficients of scallop damper seals. Experiments were conducted to investigate the variations in these coefficients under different inlet pressures (0.141, 0.181 MPa) and speeds (1 800, 2 400, 3 000 r/min). The obtained findings were subjected to a comparative analysis with numerical computations derived from computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The findings showed that the numerical results agreed well with the experimental results. The numerical errors were less than 15% under variable speed and 50% under variable pressure. The experimental damping coefficient results were slightly higher than the theoretical results, while the stiffness coefficient exhibited the opposite behavior. The direct stiffness exhibited a positive correlation with rotational speed and inlet pressure, whereas it displayed a negative correlation with vortex frequency. Conversely, effective damping showed a positive correlation with inlet pressure and vortex frequency at low frequencies (f<100 Hz) and a negative correlation with rotational speed. At higher frequencies (f>100 Hz), it became stable. Moreover, the effective damping at 0.181 MPa inlet pressure was approximately 1.6 times greater than that at 0.141 MPa inlet pressure. It was observed that rotational speed had a relatively lesser impact on the dynamic characteristics of scallop-damper seals if compared with inlet pressure.
- dynamic characteristics /
- scallop damper seal /
- impedance method /
- computational fluid dynamics /
- effective damping

HTML

图 1 扇贝阻尼密封几何结构

Figure 1. Geometric structure of scallop damper seal

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图 2 密封动力特性系数实验识别方法

Figure 2. Experimental identification method for dynamic characteristic coefficients of seal

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图 3 扇贝阻尼密封动力特性识别实验台

Figure 3. Experimental facility for dynamic characteristics identification of scallop damper seal

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图 4 扇贝阻尼密封网格示意图

Figure 4. Computational grid of scallop damper seal

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图 5 实验数据波形曲线

Figure 5. Waveform curve of experimental data

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图 6 实验数据频谱图

Figure 6. Spectrogram of experimental data

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图 7 不同进口压力密封动力特性系数随涡动频率变化

Figure 7. Seal dynamic characteristic coefficients vs whirling frequency at different inlet pressures

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图 8 不同转速密封动力特性系数随涡动频率变化

Figure 8. Seal dynamic characteristic coefficients vs whirling frequency at different rotational speeds

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 扇贝阻尼密封几何参数

Table 1. Geometric parameters of scallop damper seals

几何参数	数值
密封长度l/mm	35.70
转子半径R/mm	30.34
密封间隙C_r/mm	0.20
密封齿宽w₁/mm	1.77
密封腔宽w₂/mm	2.00
密封腔室深度h/mm	3.30
密封齿数N₁/个	10
周向腔室数目N₂/个	8

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表 2 实验工况

Table 2. Experimental condition

工况参数	数值或说明
工质	空气
进口压力p_in/MPa	0.141, 0.181
进口温度T/K	298
出口压力p_out/MPa	0.101
转子转速n/（r/min）	1800，2400，3000
激振频率f/Hz	30，70，110，150

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表 3 计算工况参数

Table 3. Calculation condition parameters

工况	设置
工质	空气（理想气体）
湍流模型	标准k-ε
壁面属性	绝热、光滑
温度T/K	298
时间步长/s	0.0001
涡动频率f/Hz	20，40，···，260
进口压力p_in/MPa	0.141，0.181
出口压力p_out/MPa	0.101
转子转速n/（r/min）	1800，2400，3000

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