Experimental testing and numerical calculation of flow field characteristics in a double stage axial swirl combustor
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摘要:
对某型航空发动机双级轴向旋流燃烧室内流场结构与流场特性进行了试验测试与数值计算，获得了不同工况条件下该型燃烧室不同纵向截面和横向截面上流场结构、流线及流速分布特性。结果表明：该型燃烧室纵向截面上均存在两个对称分布的角回流区和一个中心回流区，且随
X 轴正向距离的增加或进气流量的降低，回流区内空气流速逐渐降低。随Y 轴正向距离的增加，该型燃烧室横向截面上气流旋向趋于同向且空气流速降低；同时，随着进气流量的增加，同一横截面上气流的流场形态及速度分布特性基本一致，但空气流速逐渐升高。在不同工况条件下，X =0 mm的中心纵截面上，各轴向距离处轴向速度分布基本一致，在Z =0 mm处轴向速度均达到负速度最大值，并随着径向距离的增加，轴向速度逐渐降低；随着轴向距离的增加，回流区范围逐渐减小，轴向速度先增加后降低，在Y =50 mm处轴向速度达到最大；同时，在各轴向距离处，随着进气流量的增加，轴向速度逐渐升高。不同工况条件下计算得到的X =0 mm的纵截面上、轴向距离Y =30 mm处轴向速度、径向速度分布特性与相应试验值吻合较好，相对误差均低于10%。Abstract:The flow field structure and characteristics in a double stage axial swirl combustion chamber of an aero-engine were experimentally tested and numerically calculated, and the flow field structure, streamline and velocity distribution characteristics on the different longitudinal and cross sections in the combustion chamber under different conditions were obtained. The results showed that there were two symmetric distribution angle recirculation zones and one central recirculation zone on the longitudinal section in the combustion chamber. With the increase of distance along the positive
X -axis or the decrease of intake flow rate, the air velocity in the recirculation zone decreased. With the increase of distance along the positiveY -axis, the airflow rotation direction tended to be the same and the air flow velocity decreased on the cross section in the combustion chamber. Meanwhile, with the increase of intake flow rate, the flow field shape and flow velocity distribution characteristics of the air on the same cross section were basically the same, but the air flow velocity increased gradually. Under different conditions, on theX =0 mm longitudinal section, the axial velocity distribution at each axial distance was basically consistent. AtZ =0 mm, the axial velocity reached the maximum negative velocity, and gradually decreased with the increase of radial distance. With the axial distance increasing, the recirculation zone area was gradually reduced, the axial velocity increased first, then decreased, and reached its maximum atY =50 mm. Meanwhile, with the increase of intake flow rate, the axial velocity gradually increased at different axial distances. The calculated distribution characteristics of axial and radial velocities on theX =0 mm longitudinal section and at an axial distance ofY =30 mm were in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data under different conditions, and the relative error was less than 10%. -
图 3 燃烧室内流场特性试验台
Figure 3. Test bench for flow field characteristics in combustion chamber
图 5 燃烧室内流场测试区域示意图（单位：mm）
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the flow field testing area in the combustor （unit：mm）
图 7 不同工况下不同纵截面上流场结构、流线与速度分布
Figure 7. Flow field structure, streamline and velocity distributions on the different longitudinal sections at different conditions
图 8 不同工况下不同横截面上流场结构、流线与速度分布
Figure 8. Flow field structure, streamline and velocity distributions on the different cross sections at different conditions
图 9 相同工况下不同轴向距离处的轴向速度分布
Figure 9. Axial velocity distributions at different axial distances under the same conditions
图 10 相同轴向距离处不同工况条件下轴向速度分布
Figure 10. Axial velocity distributions under different conditions at the same axial distance
图 11 旋流器中心轴线上的轴向速度分布
Figure 11. Axial velocity distributions on the central axis of the cyclone
图 14 湍流计算模型对轴向与径向速度计算值的影响
Figure 14. Influence of turbulence calculation models on the calculated values of axial and radial velocities
图 15 不同截面上流场结构、流线与流速分布的计算值与试验值对比
Figure 15. Comparison of the calculated and experimental flow field structure, streamline and velocity distributions on the different sections
图 16 不同工况条件下轴向和径向速度分布的计算值与试验值对比
Figure 16. Comparison of calculated and experimental axial and radial velocity distributions under different conditions
表 1 燃烧室内流场特性的试验测试工况
Table 1. Experimental testing conditions of flow field characteristics in the combustor
工况 pin/kPa Tin/K Win/（kg/s） 1 110 295 0.018 2 110 295 0.023 3 110 295 0.026 
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表 2 不同轴向距离处回流区范围
Table 2. Range of recirculation zone at different axial distances
mm 工况 Y=30 Y=50 Y=70 Y=90 1 74.4 73.8 71.2 61.5 2 74.5 73.8 71.5 61.5 3 74.7 74.5 72.9 63
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表 3 不同工况条件下轴、径向速度的计算值与试验值的相对误差
Table 3. Relative errors between the calculated and experimental results of axial and radial velocities at different conditions
工况 相对误差/% 轴向速度Vy 径向速度Vz 1 3.35 8.05 2 1.49 5.5 3 3.38 9.29
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