天然气同轴分级燃烧室燃烧与排放特性的试验测试与数值计算

陈潇潇; 曾文; 陈洁怡; 刘凯; 马洪安; 马宏宇; 刘潇

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20230778

天然气同轴分级燃烧室燃烧与排放特性的试验测试与数值计算

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20230778

陈潇潇^1,,
曾文^1,*, ,,
陈洁怡¹,
刘凯¹,
马洪安¹,
马宏宇²,
刘潇³

1.
沈阳航空航天大学航空发动机学院，沈阳 110136
2.
中国航发沈阳发动机研究所，沈阳 110015
3.
哈尔滨工程大学动力与能源工程学院，哈尔滨 150001

详细信息

作者简介:
陈潇潇（1985-），女，实验师，博士生，主要从事发动机先进燃烧技术研究

通讯作者:
曾文（1977-），男，教授，博士，主要从事发动机先进燃烧技术研究。E-mail：zengwen928@sohu.com

中图分类号: V231.2；TK401
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-11
- 网络出版日期: 2025-08-11

Experimental testing and numerical calculation of combustion and emission characteristics of natural gas coaxial staged combustor

1.
School of Aero-engine，Shenyang Aerospace University，Shenyang 110136，China
2.
Shenyang Engine Research Institute，Aero Engine Corporation of China，Shenyang 110015，China
3.
College of Power and Energy Engineering，Harbin Engineering University，Harbin 150001，China

摘要

摘要:
对不同工况条件下某天然气燃气轮机同轴分级燃烧室点熄火、燃烧与排放特性进行了试验测试，并采用不同燃料的化学反应机理对该燃烧室的燃烧与排放特性进行了数值计算。结果表明：点火燃空比随进口空气流量的升高先降低后略有升高，熄火燃空比随进口空气压力的升高先降低后保持不变。随着燃空比的升高，燃烧室温升与出口平均温度逐渐升高，燃烧室出口NOx摩尔分数逐渐升高、CO摩尔分数基本不变、UHC摩尔分数先下降后上升；随着进口空气压力的升高，燃烧室温升与出口平均温度先升高后下降，燃烧室出口UHC、CO摩尔分数降低、NOx摩尔分数先下降后升高；随着进口空气温度的升高，燃烧室温升先升高后降低，出口平均温度升高，燃烧室出口UHC、CO摩尔分数降低、NOx摩尔分数升高。与采用甲烷的单步反应机理与详细反应机理相比，采用天然气的简化反应机理计算得到的该燃烧室温升、出口平均温度及主要排放物摩尔分数与相应试验数据之间的误差最小。同时，随着工况的升高，燃烧室内高温区域面积增加，燃烧室温升与出口平均温度升高，燃烧室出口NOx与CO₂摩尔分数升高、CO摩尔分数降低。
- 同轴分级燃烧室 /
- 低排放燃烧室 /
- 点熄火特性 /
- 燃烧与排放特性 /
- 简化反应机理
Abstract:
The ignition and blowout, combustion and emission characteristics of a coaxial staged combustion chamber of a natural gas turbine were experimentally tested, and the combustion and emission characteristics of the combustion chamber were numerically calculated by using the chemical reaction mechanisms of different fuels. The results showed that, the ignition fuel/air ratio decreased first and then slightly increased with the increase of inlet air flow, and the blowout fuel/air ratio decreased first and then remained unchanged with the increase of inlet air pressure. With the increase of fuel/air ratio, the temperature rise of the combustion chamber and the average temperature at the outlet of the combustion chamber gradually increased, and the NOx mole fraction gradually increased, the CO mole fraction remained unchanged, and the UHC mole fraction first decreased and then increased at the outlet of the combustion chamber. With the increase of inlet air pressure, the temperature rise and the outlet average temperature first increased and then decreased, and the mole fractions of UHC, CO decreased, and the mole fraction of NOx first decreased and then increased at the outlet of combustion chamber. With the increase of inlet air temperature, the temperature rise first increased and then decreased, the outlet average temperature gradually increased, and the mole fractions of UHC, CO gradually decreased and the mole fraction of NOx gradually increased at the outlet of combustion chamber. Compared with the single step reaction mechanism and the detailed reaction mechanism of methane, the outlet average temperature and major emissions' mole fractions calculated by the reduced reaction mechanism of natural gas had the smallest error between the corresponding experimental data. With the rise of the working condition, the high temperature area in the combustion chamber increased, the temperature rise and the outlet average temperature increased, the mole fractions of NOx and CO₂ increased and the mole fraction of CO decreased at the outlet of combustion chamber.
- coaxial staged combustor /
- low emission combustor /
- ignition and blowout characteristics /
- combustion and emission characteristics /
- reduced reaction mechanism

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图 1 同轴分级燃烧室结构示意图

Figure 1. Structure diagram of coaxial staged combustor

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图 2 旋流器结构示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the swirler structure

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图 3 天然气进气方式示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of natural gas intake mode

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图 4 试验系统示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of experimental system

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图 5 燃烧室的点熄火特性

Figure 5. Ignition and blowout characteristics of the combustor

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图 6 工况条件对燃烧室温升与出口平均温度的影响

Figure 6. Effect of conditions on temperature rise and outlet average temperature of the combustor

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图 7 工况条件对燃烧室出口排放物摩尔分数的影响

Figure 7. Effect of conditions on the emissions mole fractions at the combustor outlet

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图 8 同轴分级燃烧室中心截面网格划分

Figure 8. Meshing of central section of coaxial staged combustor

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图 9 旋流器网格划分（局部）

Figure 9. Meshing of swirler （part）

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图 10 燃烧室内温度场分布（z=0）

Figure 10. Distribution of temperature in the combustor （z=0）

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图 11 燃烧室内主要排放物的摩尔分数分布

Figure 11. Mole fraction distributions of major emissions in the combustor

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图 12 不同工况下燃烧室内温度场分布特性

Figure 12. Temperature distribution in the combustor at different conditions

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图 13 不同工况下燃烧室内CO₂摩尔分数分布特性

Figure 13. Mole fraction distribution of CO₂ in the combustor at different conditions

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图 14 不同工况下燃烧室内NOx摩尔分数分布特性

Figure 14. Mole fraction distribution of NOx in the combustor at different conditions

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图 15 不同工况下燃烧室内CO摩尔分数分布特性

Figure 15. Mole fraction distribution of CO in the combustor at different conditions

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表 1 点熄火试验工况

Table 1. Experimental conditions of ignition and blowout

工况参数	点火工况	熄火工况
进口空气流量/（kg/s）	0.15，0.2，0.25	0.2
进口空气温度/K	313	313
进口空气压力/MPa	0.1	0.1，0.2，0.3

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表 2 燃烧室燃烧与排放特性试验工况

Table 2. Experimental conditions of combustion and emission characteristics of the combustor

工况	燃空比	进口空气流量/（kg/s）	天然气流量/（g/s）	进口空气温度/K	进口空气压力/MPa
1	0.0187	0.2	3.739	313	0.1
2	0.0207	0.2	4.142	313	0.1
3	0.0227	0.2	4.402	313	0.1
4	0.0207	0.2	4.142	313	0.2
5	0.0207	0.2	4.142	313	0.3
6	0.0207	0.2	4.142	353	0.1
7	0.0207	0.2	4.142	393	0.1

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表 3 燃烧室的温升、出口平均温度及 $ {{\boldsymbol{\delta}} }_{\bf{otdf}} $

Table 3. Temperature rise, outlet average temperature and $ {{\boldsymbol{\delta }}}_{\bf{otdf}} $ of the combustor

工况	平均温度/K	温升/K	$ {\delta }_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{f}} $
1	1158.15	845.15	0.139
2	1247.45	934.45	0.125
3	1307.95	994.95	0.124
4	1271.95	958.95	0.155
5	1265.05	952.05	0.155
6	1328.55	975.55	0.114
7	1341.35	948.35	0.073

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表 4 燃烧室出口排放物摩尔分数

Table 4. Emissions mole fractions at the combustor outlet

工况	排放物摩尔分数/10⁻⁴
工况	UHC	CO	NOx
1	4.2375	3.7843	0.0888
2	2.9484	3.7255	0.0991
3	4.0419	3.6455	0.1023
4	2.4452	2.3608	0.0996
5	1.2985	0.8426	0.1026
6	1.9694	0.7832	0.1119
7	1.4963	0.6064	0.1152

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表 5 燃烧室燃烧与排放特性计算工况

Table 5. Calculation conditions of combustion and emission characteristics of the combustor

工况	燃空比	进口空气流量/（kg/s）	天然气流量/（g/s）	进口空气温度/K	进口空气压力/MPa
1	0.0227	0.20	4.402	313.0	0.100
2	0.0207	1.304	26.99	508.4	0.585
3	0.0231	1.643	37.95	545.5	0.733
4	0.0260	2.035	52.91	581.3	0.899
5	0.0290	2.273	65.92	600.9	1.000

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表 6 燃烧室温升与出口平均温度对比

Table 6. Comparisons of temperature rise and outlet average temperature of the combustor

工况	出口平均温度/K	出口平均温度误差/%	温升/K	温升误差/%
试验值	1307.95		994.95
单步反应机理	1113.84	14.84	800.84	19.51
详细反应机理	1225.69	6.29	912.69	8.27
简化反应机理	1278.01	2.29	965.01	3.01

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表 7 主要排放物摩尔分数的试验值与数值计算结果对比

Table 7. Comparisons of the experimental and simulated major emissions mole fractions

工况	排放物摩尔分数/10⁻⁴
工况	CO₂	NOx	CO
试验值	329	0.1023	3.6455
简化反应机理	369	0.1225	3.8922
详细反应机理	385	0.1231	3.9817

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表 8 不同工况下燃烧室温升与出口平均温度

Table 8. Temperature rise and outlet average temperature of the combustor at different conditions K

工况	出口平均温度	温升
2	1525.32	1016.92
3	1571.58	1026.08
4	1628.24	1046.94
5	1669.65	1068.75

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表 9 不同工况下燃烧室出口主要排放物的摩尔分数

Table 9. Major emissions mole fractions at the outlet of the combustor at the different conditions

工况	排放物摩尔分数/10⁻⁴
工况	CO₂	NOx	CO
2	303	0.0037	4.314
3	391	0.0050	1.161
4	474	0.0468	0.039
5	511	0.0919	0.038

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