环形缝隙进气转静盘腔传热特性数值模拟

钟巧玲; 黄远锋; 邬泽宇; 罗翔

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20230793

环形缝隙进气转静盘腔传热特性数值模拟

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20230793

钟巧玲^1,,
黄远锋²,
邬泽宇^1,*, ,,
罗翔^{1, 3}

1.
北京航空航天大学航空发动机研究院，北京 102206
2.
中国航天科工集团有限公司伺服技术研究所，南京 210006
3.
北京航空航天大学航空发动机气动热力国家级重点实验室，北京 102206

基金项目: 国家科技重大专项（2017-Ⅲ-0011-0037）

详细信息

作者简介:
钟巧玲（1999-），女，硕士生，主要研究方向为旋转盘腔流动及传热。E-mail：zhongqiaoling@buaa.edu.cn

通讯作者:
邬泽宇（1992-），男，博士，主要研究方向为航空发动机二次流空气系统流动与传热。E-mail：sxwzy1015@163.com

中图分类号: V231.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-15
- 网络出版日期: 2025-08-30

Numerical simulation of heat transfer characteristics in rotor-stator cavity with annular gap inlet

ZHONG Qiaoling^1
,,
HUANG Yuanfeng²,
WU Zeyu^{1,*
, ,},
LUO Xiang^{1, 3}

1.
Research Institute of Aero-Engine，Beihang University，Beijing 102206，China
2.
Servo Technology Institutes，China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation Limited，Nanjing 210006，China
3.
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Thermodynamics，Beihang University，Beijing 102206，China

摘要

摘要:
针对某小型航空发动机低压涡轮盘腔结构，建立低半径环形缝隙进气转静系盘腔模型，探讨转静系盘腔内的传热特点，获得了转盘盘面表面传热系数的分布特征，并研究了冷气流量、转盘转速等流动参数以及环形进气缝隙半径位置、转静盘间距、出气间隙高度等结构参数对表面传热系数的影响，整理得到用于求解盘面平均努塞尔数的经验关系式。结果表明：低半径环形缝隙进气转静系盘腔表面传热系数总体上表现出“低半径区域较高、整体径向递减”的特征；当流动参数相同时，流量与转速单个参数的变化也会影响传热特性；流量增加与转速增加均对盘腔内传热起强化作用；进气半径和转静间隙的变化对盘腔传热影响较大，出气间隙的改变对盘腔内传热影响较小。
- 小型航空发动机 /
- 环形缝隙 /
- 转静盘腔 /
- 流固耦合 /
- 表面传热系数
Abstract:
A low radius annular gap inlet rotor stator system cavity model was established for the low-pressure turbine cavity structure of a small aviation engine. The heat transfer characteristics in the rotor-stator system cavity were explored and the distribution characteristics of convective heat transfer coefficient on the rotor disk surface were obtained. The influences of flow parameters such as cold air flow rate and rotor speed, as well as structural parameters such as the position of the annular inlet gap radius, the distance between the rotor and stator disks and the height of the outlet gap on the convective heat transfer coefficient, were studied. The empirical relation used to solve the average Nusselt number of disks was obtained. The results showed that the convective heat transfer coefficient of the rotor stator system cavity with low radius annular gap intake exhibited a characteristic of “higher in the low radius region and overall radial decrease”. When the flow parameters were the same, changes in the individual parameters of flow and rotation speed also affected the heat transfer characteristics. The increase in flow rate and rotational speed both enhanced the heat transfer inside the disk cavity. The inlet radius and the clearance between the rotor and stator had a significant impact on the heat transfer in the disk cavity, while the change in the outlet clearance had a smaller impact on the heat transfer in the disk cavity.
- small aircraft engines /
- annular gap /
- rotor-stator cavity /
- fluid structure coupling /
- surface heat transfer coefficient

HTML

图 1 转静系盘腔二维结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the rotator-stator cavity

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图 2 六面体计算网格

Figure 2. Hexahedral mesh of computation

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图 3 实验与仿真结果对比

Figure 3. Comparison of experimental and numerical results

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图 4 不同流动参数下流动结构对比

Figure 4. Flow structure comparison of different flow parameters

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图 5 旋转主导与通流主导下表面传热系数径向分布

Figure 5. Radial distribution of convective heat transfer coefficient under rotation-dominated and through-flow dominated

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图 6 不同流动参数下周向速度场对比

Figure 6. Circumferential velocity field comparison of different flow parameters

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图 7 不同湍流参数下传热特性对比

Figure 7. Heat transfer characteristics comparison of different turbulence parameters

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图 8 流量对表面传热系数分布的影响

Figure 8. Influence of mass flow rate on convective heat transfer coefficient distribution

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图 9 转速对表面传热系数分布的影响

Figure 9. Influence of rotate speed on convective heat transfer coefficient distribution

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图 10 进气半径对表面传热系数分布的影响

Figure 10. Influence of inlet radius on convective heat transfer coefficient distribution

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图 11 不同进气半径下周向速度场对比

Figure 11. Circumferential velocity field comparison of different inlet radius

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图 12 转静间隙比对表面传热系数分布的影响

Figure 12. Influence of rotor-stator gap ratio on convective heat transfer coefficient distribution

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图 13 不同转静间隙比下周向速度场对比

Figure 13. Circumferential velocity field comparison of different rotor-stator gap ratios

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图 14 大转静间隙比下流场结构

Figure 14. Flow structure of big rotor-stator gap ratios

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图 15 出气间隙比对表面传热系数分布的影响

Figure 15. Influence of outlet gap ratio on convective heat transfer coefficient distribution

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图 16 平均努塞尔数经验关系式验证

Figure 16. Empirical relational verification of the average Nussel number

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$ {C}_{{w}} $	流量系数，$ \dot{m}/\mu {R}_{\mathrm{b}} $	$ {R}_{\mathrm{b}} $	盘腔半径（mm）
$ {Re}_{\mathrm{\omega }} $	旋转雷诺数，$ \omega {R}_{\mathrm{b}}^{2}/\upsilon $	$ \rho $	密度（kg/m³）
$ {{ \lambda }}_{{\mathrm{t}}} $	湍流参数，$ {C}_{{w}}/{Re}_{\mathrm{\omega }}^{0.8} $	$ \mu $	动力黏度（Pa·s）
$ \dot{m} $	质量流量（kg/s）	$ \nu $	运动黏度（m²/s）
$ \omega $	盘腔转速（rad/s）	$ {c}_{p} $	比定压热容（J/（kg·K））
$ {V}_{\mathrm{\theta }} $	气流周向速度（m/s）	$ \lambda $	导热系数（W/（m·K））

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表 1 工况范围

Table 1. Range of working conditions

无量纲参数	取值范围
$ {G} $	$ 0.1～0.6 $
$ {{G}}_{\rm{in}} $	$ 0.05～0.25 $
$ {{G}}_{\rm{out}} $	$ 0.05～0.25 $
$ {{C}}_{{w}} $	$ 0.92\times {10}^{4}～2.92\times {10}^{4} $
$ {{R}{e}}_{{\omega }} $	$ 0.83\times {10}^{6}～2.49\times {10}^{6} $
$ {{ \lambda }}_{\rm{t}} $	$ 0.07～0.53 $

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表 2 固体材料主要热物性参数

Table 2. Main thermophysical parameters of solid materials

材料	铸型尼龙（转盘）	铝（静盘）
$ \rho / （\mathrm{k}\mathrm{g}/ {\mathrm{m}}^{3}） $	1600	2702
$ {c}_{{p}}/ （\mathrm{J}/ （ {\mathrm{k}\mathrm{g}}\cdot {\mathrm{K}}）） $	1720	903
$ \lambda / （\mathrm{W}/ （ {\mathrm{m}}\cdot{\mathrm{K}}）） $	0.217	237

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表 3 数值模拟边界条件设置

Table 3. Numerical simulation boundary condition settings

区域	边界条件
流体域	入口	质量流量，入口静温353.15 K
流体域	出口	压力出口，101.3 kPa
转盘	外壁面	恒壁温，293.15 K
转盘	内壁面	旋转壁面，且设置流固耦合通量连续性条件
静盘	外壁面	恒壁温，293.15 K
静盘	内壁面	静止壁面，流固耦合通量连续性条件

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