Influence of damping ring on the aeroelastic stability of labyrinth seal
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摘要:
针对航空发动机篦齿封严的气弹失稳问题，建立了篦齿封严阻尼减振求解模型。基于能量法研究了阻尼环的结构参数及其安装位置对篦齿封严气弹稳定性的影响规律，揭示了阻尼环对篦齿封严气弹稳定性的影响机理。研究表明：在研究工况下，不安装阻尼环时，篦齿封严在1阶和2阶模态处，气动阻尼比分别为−0.41%和−0.049%，发生气弹失稳；安装阻尼环后，第2阶模态的气动阻尼比由负值变为正值，第1阶模态处的气动阻尼比仍为负值，但数值增大，阻尼环提高了篦齿封严的气弹稳定性。阻尼环安装过盈量越大，开口量越小，篦齿封严的气动阻尼比越大，气弹稳定性越好。当阻尼环安装在悬臂端时，气动阻尼比最大，篦齿封严最稳定，而当阻尼环安装在波节处时，气动阻尼比和降幅比最小，篦齿封严稳定性较差。
Abstract:Considering the aeroelastic instability problem of the labyrinth seal of aeroengine, a model for solving the damped vibration reduction of labyrinth seal was established. Based on the energy method, the influences of the structure parameters of the damping ring and its installation position on the aeroelastic stability of the labyrinth seal were studied, and the mechanism of the influence of the damping ring on the aeroelastic stability of the labyrinth seal was revealed. The results showed that the aerodynamic damping ratio of the first mode and second mode was −0.41% and −0.049%, respectively, without the damper ring, which resulted in aeroelastic instability. However after installation of the damping ring, the aerodynamic damping ratio of the second mode changed from negative to positive, and aerodynamic damping ratio of the first mode was still negative, but the damping ratio value increased, the damping ring improved the aeroelastic stability of the labyrinth seal. When the installation interference of the damping ring was larger, the opening amount was smaller, moreover, when the aerodynamic damping ratio of the labyrinth seal was larger, the aeroelastic stability was better. When the damping ring was installed at the cantilever end, the aerodynamic damping ratio was the largest, meantime the labyrinth seal was the most stable. When the damping ring was installed at the wave node, the aerodynamic damping ratio and the amplitude reduction ratio were the smallest, and then the labyrinth seal stability was poor.
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图 1 篦齿封严气弹稳定性几何求解模型
Figure 1. Geometrically solving model of aeroelastic stability of labyrinth seal
图 4 阻尼环对篦齿封严气弹稳定性影响分析流程
Figure 4. Analysis process of influence of damping ring on aeroelastic stability of labyrinth seal
图 8 篦齿封严安装不同过盈量阻尼环的气动阻尼比
Figure 8. Aerodynamic damping ratio of different interference damping rings installed in labyrinth seal
图 9 不同过盈量阻尼环的减振效果
Figure 9. Damping effect of damping ring with different interferences
图 10 篦齿封严安装不同开口量阻尼环后的气动阻尼比
Figure 10. Aerodynamic damping ratio of labyrinth seal after installing different opening damping rings
图 13 阻尼环不同安装位置的气动阻尼比
Figure 13. Aerodynamic damping ratio of damping ring at different installation positions
图 14 阻尼环不同安装位置的减振效果
Figure 14. Reduction effect of damping ring at different installation positions
图 16 阻尼环不同安装位置的摩擦耗能
Figure 16. Friction energy dissipation of damping ring at different installation positions
表 1 结构参数
Table 1. Structural parameter
参数 数值 密度/（g/cm3） 7.85 弹性模量/1011 Pa 2 泊松比 0.30 摩擦因数 0.20 阻尼环过盈量/mm 0.01，0.05，0.10 阻尼环开口量/mm 10.00，15.00，20.00 
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表 2 工况条件
Table 2. Calculation condition
参数 数值 进口压力/MPa 0.70 出口压力/MPa 0.10 进口温度/K 293.15 转速/（r/min） 6000 气体性质 理想空气
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