Research on pure hydrogen combustion in premixed array micro-tubes based on static mixer
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摘要:
为助力完成“双碳”目标，实现燃气轮机纯氢燃烧达到零碳排放，设计了一种基于静态混合器的预混微管燃烧器，可满足纯氢低排放燃烧需求。在常温常压，23.7、47.3、71.1 m3/h这3种空气体积流量下，对4×4阵列排布的预混微管燃烧器进行了纯氢燃烧实验，当量比为0.25～0.85。获取了时均宏观火焰图像，测量了燃烧排放的NOx，用压力脉动传感器测量腔室内的燃烧振荡特性，探究不同空气体积流量、不同当量比下纯氢燃烧的燃烧特性，并结合Fluent软件对阵列微管中的氢气-空气掺混情况进行分析。结果发现在当量比在0.7以内时，燃烧器各工况NOx排放的体积分数均在20×10−6以内。微混火焰近似纯预混火焰，空气体积流量增大，微管喷孔速度增大，整体长度拉伸，火焰锥角变小。空气体积流量为23.7 m3/h，当量比小于0.55时，可实现氢气稳定燃烧；其他工况，空气体积流量增大，起振点前移；当量比增大，燃烧振荡的振幅先增大后呈现波动下降的趋势。振荡频率普遍在700 Hz以上，且随着当量比增大稳步增大。
Abstract:In order to help achieve the “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals” and realize the zero carbon emission of pure hydrogen combustion in gas turbines, a premixed micro-tube burner based on a static mixer was designed to meet the requirements of low emission of pure hydrogen combustion. Under the conditions of normal temperature and pressure, 23.7, 47.3, 71.1 m3/h air flow, the pure hydrogen combustion test was carried out on the 4×4 array of premixed micro-tube burner, with the equivalent ratio ranging from 0.25 to 0.85. The time-average macro flame image was obtained, the NOx emission was measured, the combustion oscillation characteristics in the chamber were measured with a pressure pulsation sensor, and the combustion characteristics of pure hydrogen combustion under different air flows and equivalent ratios were explored. The hydrogen-air mixing in the array micro-tube was analyzed with Fluent software. The results showed that when the equivalent ratio was within 0.7, the volume fraction of NOx emission of the burner under various conditions was within 20×10−6. The micro-mixing flame was similar to the pure premixed flame. With the increase of air flow, the velocity of the micro-tube nozzle increased, the overall length was stretched, and the flame cone angle became smaller. When the air flow was 23.7 m3/h and the equivalent ratio was less than 0.55, stable hydrogen combustion can be achieved. In other conditions, the starting point of the vibration moved forward with the increase of air flow. With the increase of the equivalent ratio, the amplitude of combustion oscillation first increased and then showed a trend of fluctuation decrease. The oscillation frequency was generally above 700 Hz, and steadily increased with the increase of the equivalent ratio.
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图 1 氢气微混单管模型示意图（单位：mm）
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of hydrogen micro-mixing single tube model （unit：mm）
图 9 不同空气体积流量下氢气火焰长度随当量比变化
Figure 9. Hydrogen flame length varies with equivalent ratio at different air flow rates
图 10 不同空气体积流量下NOx排放随当量比的变化
Figure 10. Variation of NOx emission with equivalent ratio at different air flow rates
图 11 不同体积流量下NOx随绝热火焰温度变化
Figure 11. Variation of NOx emission with adiabatic flame temperature at different air flow rates
图 12 NOx排放随绝热火焰温度变化曲线（空气体积流量为23.7 m3/h）
Figure 12. NOx emission changes with adiabatic flame temperature （air flow rate is 23.7 m3/h）
图 13 当量比为0.4～0.55的压力脉动频谱图（空气体积流量为23.7 m3/h）
Figure 13. Pressure pulsation spectrum for equivalent ratio of 0.4—0.55 （air flow rate is 23.7 m3/h）
图 14 当量比为0.4～0.55的极限环（空气体积流量为23.7 m3/h）
Figure 14. Limit cycle for equivalent ratio of 0.4—0.55 （air flow rate is 23.7 m3/h）
图 15 压力脉动振幅随当量比变化
Figure 15. Variation of pressure pulsation amplitude with equivalence ratio
图 16 压力脉动频率随当量比变化
Figure 16. Variation of pressure pulsation frequency with equivalent ratio
图 17 压力脉动频率随绝热火焰温度变化
Figure 17. Pressure pulsation frequency changes with adiabatic flame temperature
表 1 实验工况
Table 1. Test conditions
工况 空气体积流量/（m3/h） 当量比 1 23.7 0.25～0.85 2 47.3 0.25～0.85 3 71.1 0.3～0.85 
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表 2 预混微管模型结构参数
Table 2. Structural parameters of premixed micro-tube model
mm 方案编号 SK叶片螺距 通道长度 通道外径 收口外径 收口内径 氢喷孔直径 SK 1 27 63.5 11 10 6 1.2 SK 2 54 123 22 20 12 2.4 SK 3 27 123 11 10 6 1.2
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表 3 微管出口SMD以及NOx排放
Table 3. SMD and NOx emissions of micro-tube outlet
方案 不均匀度/% 当量比为0.45的
NOx体积分数/10−6SK 1 3.50 2.417 SK 2 4.56 4.922 SK 3 3.46 2.416
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表 4 NOx排放实验值与仿真计算对比（空气体积流量为23.7 m3/h）
Table 4. NOx emission test value compared with the simulation calculation （the air flow rate is 23.7 m3/h）
当量比 NOx排放的体积分数/10−6 实验 Chemkin计算 0.5 1 5.4 0.55 3 9.5 0.6 4 17.4 0.65 8 33.6 0.7 16 65.8 0.75 31 126.0 0.8 61 228.2
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