Experiment on detonation wave failure mechanism at near equivalence ratio limits
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摘要:
为了探索近当量比极限爆震波失效过程，采用乙烯作为燃料和50%氧浓度的富氧空气作为氧化剂进行实验研究。在不同的初始压力（32、30 kPa和28 kPa）下通过调整当量比（0.6～1.4）来接近爆震传播极限，采用高速阴影测试方法以捕捉爆震波的胞格结构。结果表明：初始压力降低和当量比远离1会减小混合物的反应活性，导致化学诱导层变厚；在接近爆震传播极限时，爆震波的失效机制与横波衰减有关，混合物失去了横波的诱导作用，进而使得化学诱导层增厚，导致前导激波与反应区解耦，相应的波速降低至Chapman-Jouguet（CJ）值的70%以下；此外，诱导层厚度与速度亏损之间存在强相关性，即诱导层厚度增加使得燃烧释放的能量难以有效支撑激波运动，进而导致速度亏损增大。
Abstract:To investigate detonation wave failure near the equivalence ratio limit, experiments were conducted with ethylene as fuel and 50% oxygen-enriched air as the oxidizer. The detonation limit was approached by adjusting the equivalence ratio (0.6—1.4) at different initial pressures (32 kPa, 30 kPa, and 28 kPa). High-speed shadowgraphy captured the detonation waves’ cellular structures. Results showed that lower initial pressures and equivalence ratios deviating from 1 decreased the mixture reactivity, leading to a larger chemical induction zone. Near detonation limits, the failure mechanism was linked to transverse wave attenuation, causing a thicker induction layer and decoupling the leading shock wave from the reaction zone. This resulted in reduced wave speed, below 70% of the Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) value. A notable correlation between induction layer thickness and velocity deficit was found: thicker induction layers hindered the combustion energy’s support for shock wave motion, causing a larger velocity deficit.
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图 4 爆震波传播速度计算方法示意图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of the calculation method for detonation wave propagation speed
图 5 等效诱导层厚度计算示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram for the calculation of equivalent induction layer thickness
图 6 初始压力为32 kPa、不同当量比下的爆震波阴影图像
Figure 6. Shadowgraph images of detonation waves at an initial pressure of 32 kPa under different equivalence ratios
图 7 初始压力为32 kPa、当量比为0.7工况下爆震波结构随时间的变化
Figure 7. Variation of detonation wave structure over time under the conditions of initial pressure of 32 kPa and equivalence ratio of 0.7
图 8 初始压力为30 kPa、不同当量比下的爆震波结构
Figure 8. Structure of detonation waves under initial pressure of 30 kPa and different equivalence ratios
图 9 初始压力为30 kPa下的近当量比极限爆震波结构
Figure 9. Structure of near equivalence ratio limit detonation waves under initial pressure of 30 kPa
图 10 初始压力为30 kPa下近当量比极限爆震波波速与等效诱导层厚度
Figure 10. Wave velocity of near equivalence ratio limit detonation waves and the equivalent thickness of the induction layer under initial pressure of 30 kPa
图 11 初始压力为28 kPa下不同当量比的爆震波结构
Figure 11. Structure of detonation waves at different equivalence ratios under initial pressure of 28 kPa
图 12 初始压力为28 kPa下不同当量比的爆震波波速与等效诱导层厚度
Figure 12. Detonation wave velocity and equivalent induced layer thickness at different equivalence ratios under initial pressure of 28 kPa
图 13 不同初始压力和当量比下爆震波平均波速与诱导层厚度
Figure 13. Average detonation velocity and induction zone thickness at different initial pressures and equivalence ratios
表 1 不同初始压力下的当量比
Table 1. Equivalence ratios under different initial pressures
初始压力/kPa 当量比 32 1.4，1.2，1.0，0.9，0.8，0.7，0.6 30 1.4，1.2，1.0，0.9，0.8 28 1.4，1.2，1.0，0.9 
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表 2 验证实验数据表
Table 2. Validation experiment data table
当量比 Δi/d （D/DCJ）experiment （D/DCJ）calculate 误差/% 1.3 0.58 0.83 0.82 1.20 1.1 0.33 0.89 0.93 4.49 0.85 0.74 0.80 0.77 3.75
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