转子微织构对圆周石墨密封滑油泄漏流动特性影响

樊汝凤; 赵欢; 任国哲; 贺耀; 孙丹; 王鑫宇

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240102

转子微织构对圆周石墨密封滑油泄漏流动特性影响

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240102

樊汝凤^{1, 2,},
赵欢^{1, 2,*, ,},
任国哲^{1, 2},
贺耀³,
孙丹^{1, 2},
王鑫宇^{1, 2}

1.
沈阳航空航天大学航空发动机学院辽宁省航空推进系统先进测试技术重点实验室，沈阳 110136
2.
沈阳航空航天大学沈阳市透平机械先进密封技术重点实验室，沈阳 110136
3.
中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院，成都 610500

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52375195）；中国航空发动机集团产学研合作项目（HFZL2021CXY012）

详细信息

作者简介:
樊汝凤（1999-），女，硕士生，主要从事石墨密封转子微织构泄漏流动特性研究

通讯作者:
赵欢（1982-），女，教授，博士，主要从事航空发动机新材料密封技术研究。E-mail：phd_zhaohuan@163.com

中图分类号: V233.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-02-26
- 网络出版日期: 2024-09-02

Influence of rotor micro-texture on oil leakage flow characteristics of circular graphite seal

FAN Rufeng^{1, 2
,},
ZHAO Huan^{1, 2,*
, ,},
REN Guozhe^{1, 2},
HE Yao³,
SUN Dan^{1, 2},
WANG Xinyu^{1, 2}

1.
Liaoning Key Lab of Advanced Test Technology for Aerospace Propulsion System，School of Aero-engine，Shenyang Aerospace University，Shenyang 110136，China
2.
Key Laboratory of Turbomachinery Advanced Seal Technology，Shenyang Aerospace University，Shenyang 110136，China
3.
Sichuan Gas Turbine Establishment，Aero Engine Corporation of China，Chengdu 610500，China

摘要

摘要:
设计了螺旋槽、三角槽和V型槽三种转子微织构的圆周石墨密封结构。基于两相流理论建立转子微织构圆周石墨密封泄漏流动特性数值求解模型，在验证数值方法准确性的基础上，分析了3种转子微织构的圆周石墨密封在不同入口压力、转子转速下的流场特性、泄漏特性。研究转子微织构对圆周石墨密封动压效应与空化现象的影响，揭示转子微织构对圆周石墨密封滑油泄漏流动特性的影响机理。研究结果表明：随着入口压力增加，转子微织构圆周石墨密封压力峰值、泄漏量近似线性增大，气相体积分数随之减小，螺旋槽结构的压力峰值最大，较V型槽结构增加21.37%。转子转速对3种微织构压力峰值影响较大，对气相体积分数影响较小，最大增幅为12.63%。螺旋槽结构封严性能及动压效应最好，能有效减少石墨环摩擦磨损。滑油通过在密封间隙产生动压效应与空化现象，采用两相流理论方法更能准确地分析圆周石墨密封泄漏流动特性。
- 圆周石墨密封 /
- 转子微织构 /
- 空化现象 /
- 两相流理论 /
- 泄漏流动特性
Abstract:
Circular graphite seal structures with spiral groove, triangle groove and V-groove rotor micro-texture were designed. Numerical solution models for leakage flow characteristics of circular graphite seal with rotor micro-texture were established based on two-phase flow theory. On the basis of verifying the accuracy of numerical methods, the flow field characteristics and leakage characteristics of circular graphite seal with three rotor micro-texture were analyzed under different inlet pressures and rotor speeds. The influence of rotor micro-texture on the dynamic pressure effect and cavitation phenomenon of the circular graphite seal was studied, and the influence mechanism of rotor micro-texture on the oil leakage flow characteristics of the circular graphite seal was revealed. The results showed that with the increase of inlet pressure, the peak pressure and leakage of the rotor micro-texture circumference graphite seal increased linearly, and the gas phase volume fraction decreased. The peak pressure of the spiral groove structure was the largest, which increased by 21.37% compared with the V-groove structure. The rotor speed had great influence on the pressure peaks of the three micro-textures, but little influence on the gas phase volume fraction, with the maximum increase of 12.63%. Spiral groove structure had the best sealing performance and dynamic pressure effect, which can effectively reduce the friction and wear of graphite ring. The leakage flow characteristics of circular graphite seals can be analyzed more accurately by using the two-phase flow theory method because of the dynamic pressure effect and cavitation in the seal gap.
- circumferential graphite sealing /
- rotor micro-texture /
- cavitation phenomenon /
- two-phase flow theory /
- leakage flow characteristic

HTML

图 1 圆周石墨密封整体结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the circular graphite seal

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图 2 静子石墨环磨损失效

Figure 2. Static graphite ring wear failure

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图 3 转子微织构圆周石墨密封三维图

Figure 3. Three-dimensional diagram of rotor micro-texture circular graphite seal

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图 4 转子微织构结构

Figure 4. Rotor micro-texture structure

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图 5 转子微织构数值求解模型

Figure 5. Numerical solution model of rotor micro-texture

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图 6 转子微织构结构示意图

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of rotor micro-texture structure

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图 7 网格无关性验证

Figure 7. Grid independence verification

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图 8 不同织构网格示意图

Figure 8. Grid diagram of different textures

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图 9 参考文献[33]数值求解模型（单位：mm）

Figure 9. Reference [33] numerical solution model （unit：mm）

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图 10 准确性验证

Figure 10. Accuracy verification

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图 11 流场压力分布云图

Figure 11. Flow field pressure distribution cloud map

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图 12 气相体积分数分布云图

Figure 12. Gas phase volume fraction distribution cloud map

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图 13 转子微织构内压力峰值随入口压力变化

Figure 13. Peak pressure in the rotor micro-texture changes with the inlet pressure

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图 14 不同织构不同入口压力下压力分布云图

Figure 14. Pressure distribution cloud map under different textures and different inlet pressures

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图 15 转子微织构内气相体积占比随入口压力变化

Figure 15. Gas phase volume proportion in the rotor micro-texture changes with the inlet pressure

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图 16 不同织构不同入口压力下气相分布云图

Figure 16. Cloud map of gas phase distribution under different textures and inlet pressures

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图 17 转子微织构内压力峰值随转速变化

Figure 17. Peak pressure in the rotor micro-texture changes with the speed

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图 18 不同织构不同转速下压力分布云图

Figure 18. Cloud map of pressure distribution under different textures and speeds

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图 19 转子微织构内气相体积占比随转速变化

Figure 19. Gas phase volume proportion in the rotor micro-texture changes with the speed

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图 20 不同织构不同转速下气相体积分布云图

Figure 20. Cloud map of gas phase volume distribution at different textures and speeds

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图 21 入口压力对泄漏量影响

Figure 21. Influence of inlet pressure on leakage

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图 22 转子转速对泄漏量影响

Figure 22. Influence of rotor speed on leakage

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图 23 不同转子微织构速度矢量图

Figure 23. Velocity vector of different rotor micro-textures

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图 24 高压区及低压区产生原理图

Figure 24. Schematic diagram of generating high and low pressure areas

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表 1 转子微织构结构参数

Table 1. Rotor micro-texture structure parameters

参数	螺旋槽	三角槽	V型槽
织构长度l/mm	13.00	13.00	13.00
织构深度h_tx/mm	0.05	0.05	0.05
织构数量/个	50	50	50
织构宽度b/mm	1.40	1.40
织构宽度b₁/mm			2.10
织构宽度b₂/mm			1.00
螺旋角χ/（°）	35.0	35.0
三角顶角θ/（°）		17.5
V槽顶角γ/（°）			18.0
V槽顶角δ/（°）			28.0

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表 2 边界条件

Table 2. Boundary conditions

参数	数值及说明
转速n/10³ （r/min）	8～12
壁面属性	无滑移绝热
工质	滑油
湍流模型	SST k-ω
入口压力p_in/MPa	0.2～0.4
出口压力p_out/MPa	0.1
进口温度T_in/K	373.15
出口温度T_out/K	373.15

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表 3 介质参数

Table 3. Medium parameters

参数	数值
参数	滑油	滑油蒸汽
摩尔质量/（kg/mol）	320	320
密度/（kg/m³）	912	10
比热容/（J/（kg·K））	1800	800
动力黏度/（kg/（m·s））	0.00456	0.00005
导热系数/（W/（m·K））	0.6069	0.02
热膨胀率/K⁻¹	0.000257

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