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数据驱动发动机性能数字孪生建模与应用

张薇 孙见忠 颜子琛 念锦宸 唐鹏飞 王绍华

张薇, 孙见忠, 颜子琛, 等. 数据驱动发动机性能数字孪生建模与应用[J]. 航空动力学报, 2025, 40(11):20240160 doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240160
引用本文: 张薇, 孙见忠, 颜子琛, 等. 数据驱动发动机性能数字孪生建模与应用[J]. 航空动力学报, 2025, 40(11):20240160 doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240160
ZHANG Wei, SUN Jianzhong, YAN Zichen, et al. Data-driven engine performance digital twin modeling and interpretability analysis[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2025, 40(11):20240160 doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240160
Citation: ZHANG Wei, SUN Jianzhong, YAN Zichen, et al. Data-driven engine performance digital twin modeling and interpretability analysis[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2025, 40(11):20240160 doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240160

数据驱动发动机性能数字孪生建模与应用

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240160
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(52072176); 民航联合基金(U2233204); 南京航空航天大学科研与实践创新计划(xcxjh20230740)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    张薇(2000-),男,硕士生,主要从事发动机机队维修管理研究。E-mail:zhangvv@nuaa.edu.cn

    通讯作者:

    孙见忠(1983-),男,教授,博士,主要从事航空发动机健康管理与维修工程研究。E-mail:sunjianzhong@nuaa.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: V234

Data-driven engine performance digital twin modeling and interpretability analysis

  • 摘要:

    提出了一种数据驱动的航空发动机性能数字孪生(PDT)模型及应用框架,用于发动机的性能监测和健康评估。该框架采用半监督深度学习方法构建数据驱动的性能数字孪生模型,用于计算多维特征表征气路性能状态、增强气路性能监测和健康评估的输入特征空间,在此基础上建立基于XGBoost的气路故障监测和隔离模型、基于时序特征的健康状态评估模型。分别在某型民用航空发动机quick access recorder(QAR)数据以及在NASA N-CMAPSS公开数据上验证所提方法的有效性,并结合Shapley加合解释(SHAP)方法探讨PDT模型可解释性。验证结果表明:PDT模型及应用框架气路关键性能参数预测相对误差小于0.6%,基于NASA N-CMAPSS数据的故障检测率达到95%以上且故障隔离准确率达到86%。

     

  • 图 1  数据驱动的性能数字孪生建模及其应用场景

    Figure 1.  Data driven PDT modeling and application scenarios

    图 2  基于LSTM-AE的PDT模型构建过程

    Figure 2.  Construction process of PDT model based on LSTM-AE

    图 3  一次飞行任务中典型参数的时序数据

    Figure 3.  Time-series data of typical parameters during one flight

    图 4  基于PDT的关键性能参数重构结果

    Figure 4.  Key performance parameters reconstruction results based on PDT

    图 5  基于PDT的发动机故障监测与隔离流程

    Figure 5.  Engine fault monitoring and isolation process based on PDT

    图 6  故障监测结果

    Figure 6.  Fault monitoring results

    图 7  故障隔离结果

    Figure 7.  Fault isolation results

    图 8  基于PDT的发动机性能退化状态评估流程

    Figure 8.  Process for evaluating engine performance degradation status based on PDT

    图 9  健康指标HI预测结果对比

    Figure 9.  Comparison of health indictor HI prediction results

    图 10  各参数的SHAP值(DS01故障监测模型)

    Figure 10.  SHAP value of each parameter (DS01 fault monitoring model)

    图 11  SHAP单样本解释图

    Figure 11.  SHAP single-sample interpretation diagram

    图 12  ∆T50的变化对故障概率预测值分布的影响

    Figure 12.  Impact of changes in ∆T50 on distribution of predicted fault probability values

    图 13  故障隔离模型预测结果的解释

    Figure 13.  Explanation of prediction results for fault isolation model

    图 14  ∆P50部分依赖图

    Figure 14.  ∆P50 partial dependency graph

    表  1  发动机PDT模型输入参数

    Table  1.   PDT model input parameters of engine

    参数名称及简写符号 单位
    大气静温(SAT)
    飞行高度(ALT) ft
    马赫数(MH)
    发动机低压转子转速(N1) %
    发动机高压转子转速(N2) %
    HPC进口温度(T25)
    HPC出口温度(T3)
    HPC出口压力(PS3) kPa
    发动机排气温度(EGT)
    燃油计量活门开度(FMV) %
    燃油质量流量(FFKG) kg/h
    油门杆角度(TRA) (°)
    滑油压力选择(OILP)
    可调静子叶片位置(VSVP) (°)
    可变放气活门位置(VBV) (°)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  LSTM-AE 网络结构

    Table  2.   LSTM-AE network structure

    网络层输入维度激活函数
    输入层(None, 20, 15)0
    LSTM(None, 20, 150)Sigmoid
    LSTM(None, 20, 50)Sigmoid
    LSTM(None, 20, 50)Sigmoid
    LSTM(None, 20, 150)Sigmoid
    LSTM(None, 1)Linear
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  关键性能参数的重构误差

    Table  3.   Reconstruction errors of key performance parameters

    参数 数值
    EGY RMSE/℃ 3.0578
    RE/% 0.36
    N1 RMSE/% 0.0795
    RE/% 0.07
    N2 RMSE/% 0.0836
    RE/% 0.06
    PS3 RMSE/kPa 0.8036
    RE/% 0.42
    T3 RMSE/℃ 3.0931
    RE/% 0.28
    T25 RMSE/℃ 1.0146
    RE/% 0.57
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  工况条件及其物理量

    Table  4.   Operating conditions and physical measurement

    参数名称及简写符号 单位
    高度(ALT) ft
    马赫数(MH)
    油门杆角度(TRA) %
    风扇进口总温(T2) °R
    燃油质量流量(Wf) pph
    风扇转速(Nf) r/min
    核心机转速(Nc) r/min
    LPC出口总温(T24) °R
    HPC出口总温(T30) °R
    HPT出口总温(T48) °R
    LPT出口总温(T50) °R
    风扇出口总压(P21) psia
    LPC出口总压(P24) psia
    HPC出口总压(Ps30) psia
    燃烧室出口总压(P40) psia
    LPT出口总压(P50) psia
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  N-CMAPSS部分关键性能参数重构误差

    Table  5.   Reconstruction error of partial key performance parameters for N-CMAPSS

    参数 数值
    T48 RMSE/°R 1.27
    RE/% 0.05
    Wf RMSE/pps 0.006
    RE/% 0.1
    Nf RMSE/(r/min) 0.30
    RE/% 0.01
    Nc RMSE/(r/min) 1.55
    RE/% 0.02
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  N-CMAPSS数据集故障模式

    Table  6.   N-CMAPSS dataset failure modes

    故障
    模式
    数据集 单元
    数量
    运行
    条件
    Fan LPC HPC HPT LPT
    E F E F E F E F E F
    1 DS01 10 1, 2, 3
    2 DS02 9 1, 2, 3
    3 DS03 15 1, 2, 3
    4 DS04 10 2, 3
    5 DS05 10 1, 2, 3
    6 DS06 10 1, 2, 3
    7 DS07 10 1, 2, 3
    8 DS08 54 1, 2, 3
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  混淆矩阵

    Table  7.   Confusion matrix

    真实标签 预测标签
    阴性(Negative) 阳性(Positive)
    阴性(Negative) 真阴性(TN) 假阳性(FP)
    阳性(Positive) 假阴性(FN) 真阳性(TP)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8  故障监测模型评价结果

    Table  8.   Evaluation results of fault monitoring model

    数据集 故障监测
    准确率(FDA)
    AUC 精确率(PPV) 灵敏度(TPR) 虚警率(FPR) 漏警率(FNR)
    DS01 0.92 0.92 0.95 0.92 0.09 0.08
    DS02 0.78 0.7 0.75 1 0.61 0
    DS03 0.88 0.86 0.9 0.92 0.20 0.08
    DS04 0.82 0.75 0.88 0.89 0.4 0.11
    DS05 0.86 0.81 0.84 0.97 0.35 0.03
    DS06 0.86 0.80 0.85 0.96 0.36 0.04
    DS07 0.9 0.87 0.90 0.96 0.21 0.04
    平均结果 0.86 0.82 0.87 0.95 0.32 0.05
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  9  Tsfresh输入参数

    Table  9.   Input parameters of Tsfresh

    序号参数名称
    1T30 偏差值
    2T48偏差值
    3P40偏差值
    4P50偏差值
    5Nf偏差值
    6Nc偏差值
    7Wf偏差值
    8Id编号
    9爬升时间
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  10  利用Tsfresh提取并筛选的时序特征

    Table  10.   Extracting and filtering temporal features using Tsfresh

    特征名称 描述 p值/10−30
    T48_delta__abs_energy T48偏差值的平方和 1.37
    T48_delta__mean_n_absolute_max__number_of_maxima_7 T48偏差值绝对最大值的算术平均值 1.37
    T48_delta__absolute_maximum T48偏差值的最大值 1.57
    T48_delta__root_mean_square T48偏差值的方均根值 2.52
    P40_delta__cwt_coefficients__coeff_12__w_10__widths_(2, 5, 10, 20) P40偏差值的时频率分析(连续小波变换) 3.52
    P40_delta__cwt_coefficients__coeff_11__w_10__widths_(2, 5, 10, 20) 3.64
    P40_delta__cwt_coefficients__coeff_9__w_10__widths_(2, 5, 10, 20) 3.64
    P40_delta__cwt_coefficients__coeff_10__w_10__widths_(2, 5, 10, 20) 3.64
    P40_delta__cwt_coefficients__coeff_8__w_10__widths_(2, 5, 10, 20) 3.76
    P40_delta__cwt_coefficients__coeff_13__w_10__widths_(2, 5, 10, 20) 4.02
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  11  HI计算模型评估结果

    Table  11.   Evaluation results of HI calculation model

    测试用数据集单调性可预测性趋势性
    DS03(涡轮故障)0.510.94
    DS04(风扇故障)0.330.880.86
    DS05(压气机故障)0.3910.97
    总体水平(均值)0.40.960.92
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  12  不同故障模式监测模型的参数贡献度(SHAP值)

    Table  12.   Parameter contribution of different fault mode monitoring models (SHAP value)

    DS01DS02DS03DS04DS05DS06DS07
    2.38 (∆T50)2.27 (∆T48)2.84 (∆T48)2.26 (∆P40)1.73 (∆Nf)1.77 (∆P40)3.17 (∆T50)
    1.19 (∆Nc)1.21 (∆Nc)0.99 (∆T50)1.22 (∆P50)1.5 (∆T48)1.58 (∆T50)1.49 (∆T48)
    0.94 (∆T48)0.88 (∆T50)0.81 (∆Nf)0.75 (∆P21)1.02 (∆P40)1.12 (∆P24)0.73 (∆P24)
    0.43 (∆Ps30)0.74 (∆P40)0.71 (∆P40)0.66 (∆T50)0.99 (∆Nc)0.91 (∆T48)0.5 (∆P21)
    0.4 (∆P40)0.41 (∆P24)0.61 (∆P40)0.55 (∆T48)0.7 (∆T50)0.9 (∆Nc)0.42 (∆T30)
    0.37 (∆P50)0.4 (∆P21)0.59 (∆P24)0.46 (∆Ps30)0.63 (∆Ps30)0.49 (∆Nf)0.4 (∆Nc)
    0.33 (∆P21)0.28 (∆Nf)0.49 (∆P50)0.39 (∆Wf)0.55 (∆T30)0.35 (TRA)0.38 (∆Wf)
    0.27 (∆Wf)0.26 (∆Ps30)0.46 (T48)0.35 (∆T30)0.35 (Nf)0.29 (∆T30)0.31 (∆Ps30)
    0.25 (Nc)0.24 (TRA)0.3 (∆Ps30)0.34 (∆Nf)0.24 (T24)0.25 (Nf)0.3 (∆P40)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  13  故障隔离模型的参数贡献度(SHAP值)

    Table  13.   Parameter contribution of fault isolation model (SHAP value)

    正常样本DS01DS02和DS03DS04DS05DS06DS07
    0类1类2类3类4类5类6类
    1.9 (∆Ps30)0.73 (∆Wf)1.51 (∆Nc)1.07 (∆Wf)2.29 (∆P50)1.48 (∆P50)0.93 (∆P50)
    0.93 (∆P21)0.55 (∆Nc)1.11 (∆Wf)0.51 (∆Nc)0.46 (∆P40)1.03 (∆P24)0.89 (∆Wf)
    0.47 (∆T50)0.48 (∆P24)0.65 (∆T50)0.29 (∆T50)0.37 (∆P24)0.76 (∆T30)0.57 (∆P24)
    0.11 (∆T30)0.4 (∆T30)0.4 (∆P50)0.24 (∆P50)0.19 (∆Nf)0.28 (∆Wf)0.48 (∆Nc)
    0.08 (∆T48)0.32 (∆T50)0.3 (∆T240.14 (∆Nf)0.17 (∆P21)0.07 (∆T50)0.41 (∆T48)
    0.06 (∆T24)0.31 (∆T48)0.29 (∆T48))0.07 (∆P24)0.16 (∆Nc)0.06 (∆P21)0.36 (∆T50)
    0.03 (∆Nf)0.28 (∆T24)0.24 (∆P24)0.05 (∆P21)0.09 (∆Ps30)0.02 (∆Nc)0.14 (∆Ps30)
    0.03 (∆P40)0.24 (∆P50)0.23 (∆Ps30)0.04 (∆T48)0.08 (∆T48)0.02 (∆T24)0.12 (∆T30)
    0.02 (∆Wf)0.08 (∆P21)0.09 (∆Nf)0.02 (∆T24)0.08 (∆T24)0.02 (∆Ps30)0.08 (∆Nf)
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2024-03-21
  • 网络出版日期:  2025-08-26

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