Torsion-tension relationship, adhesive performance and vibration experiment research of bolted joints coated with thread locking adhesive
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摘要:
为了满足航空航天产品的高可靠服役要求，工程中广泛应用各种螺纹防松胶，但当前缺少对螺纹防松胶固化黏接强度和防松性能，以及涂覆防松胶对螺栓连接扭拉关系影响规律的系统研究。选取2类共计5种典型螺纹防松胶作为研究对象，分别将其应用于M8合金钢螺栓螺母，以及M5钛合金螺栓与不锈钢螺母连接结构，研制了专用的试验工装，采用控制变量思想详细设计了试验内容，应用扭拉试验机和振动试验机分别测试了涂覆防松胶的螺栓螺母扭拉关系、固化后螺栓螺母拆卸转矩大小，以及施加3万次剧烈横向振动以后螺栓螺母的拆卸转矩，探究了不同防松胶对转矩系数、黏接强度和防松性能的影响规律。最后，对表面清洁状态、防松胶涂覆量、螺栓螺母放置状态等工艺因素进行了系统讨论。研究发现：不同防松胶对转矩系数的影响存在显著差异，且其黏接与防松性能受螺栓材料组合影响明显；此外，表面清洁度与涂胶量等工艺因素对黏接强度具有决定性作用。
Abstract:To meet the high reliability service requirements of aerospace products, various thread locking adhesives are widely used in engineering applications. However, there is a lack of systematic research on the curing adhesion strength and anti-loosening performance of thread locking adhesives currently, as well as the influence of applying thread locking adhesives on the torsion-tension relationship of bolted joints. Five typical thread locking adhesives of two categories were selected for research by applying to connection structures of M8 alloy steel bolts and nuts, and M5 titanium alloy bolts with stainless-steel nuts. Specialized experimental fixtures were developed, and the experimental content was meticulously designed using the controlled variable approach. The torsion-tension relationship of the bolts and nuts with thread locking adhesives applied, the torque required for disassembly after curing, and the disassembly torque after 30 000 times of severe lateral vibration were tested using a torsion-tension experiment machine and a vibration experiment machine, respectively. The influences of different thread locking adhesives on the torque coefficient, adhesive strength, and anti-loosening performance were explored. Finally, the influences of process factors such as surface cleanliness, adhesive application amount, and the positioning of the bolts and nuts were systematically discussed. The findings could provide support for the setting of tightening torque for adhesive-applied bolts, the selection of thread locking adhesives, and the optimization of thread locking adhesive processes.
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图 4 防松胶黏接强度测试的实物图
Figure 4. Physical picture of thread locking adhesive bond strength test
图 6 振动试验机专用工装原理图和实物图
Figure 6. Schematic and physical pictures of the special tooling for vibration experimental machine
图 7 M8合金钢螺栓螺母涂胶/不涂胶状态下的扭拉关系
Figure 7. Torsion-tension relationship of M8 alloy steel bolts and nuts in glued/unglued condition
图 8 M5钛合金螺栓与不锈钢螺母涂胶/不涂胶状态下的扭拉关系
Figure 8. Torsion-tension relationship between M5 titanium bolts and stainless steel nuts in glued/unglued condition
图 9 不同螺纹防松胶转矩系数箱型图（M8合金钢螺栓螺母）
Figure 9. Torque coefficient box diagrams for different thread locking adhesive （M8 alloy steel bolts and nuts）
图 10 不同螺纹防松胶转矩系数箱型图（M5钛合金螺栓与不锈钢螺母）
Figure 10. Torque factor box diagrams for different thread locking adhesives （M5 titanium bolt with stainless steel nut）
图 11 不同螺纹防松胶拆卸转矩箱型图（M8合金钢螺栓螺母）
Figure 11. Removal torque box diagrams for different threaded locking adhesives （M8 alloy steel bolts and nuts）
图 12 不同螺纹防松胶拆卸转矩箱型图（M5钛合金螺栓与不锈钢螺母）
Figure 12. Removal torque box diagrams for different threaded locking adhesives （M5 titanium bolt with stainless steel nut）
图 13 不同螺纹防松胶振动条件下拆卸转矩箱型图（M8合金钢螺栓螺母）
Figure 13. Removal torque box diagrams under vibration conditions for different thread locking adhesives（M8 alloy steel bolts and nuts）
图 14 不同螺纹防松胶振动条件下拆卸转矩箱型图（M5钛合金螺栓与不锈钢螺母）
Figure 14. Removal torque box diagrams under vibration conditions for different thread locking adhesives （M5 titanium bolt with stainless steel nut）
图 15 不同表面清洗状态对防松胶拆卸转矩的影响
Figure 15. Influence of different surface cleaning states on the removal torque of locking adhesive
图 16 内外螺纹涂胶对防松胶拆卸转矩的影响
Figure 16. Influence of applying adhesive on internal and external threads on the loosening torque of the locking adhesive
图 17 不同内外螺纹涂胶量对防松胶拆卸转矩的影响
Figure 17. Influence of different amounts of adhesive on the removal torque of locking glue with internal and external threads
图 18 内外螺纹是否反复旋入对防松胶拆卸转矩的影响
Figure 18. Influence of whether the internal and external threads are repeatedly screwed in on the removal torque of the locking adhesive
图 19 外露螺栓长度对防松胶拆卸转矩的影响
Figure 19. Influence of exposed bolt length on the removal torque of locking adhesive
图 20 螺栓放置状态对防松胶拆卸转矩的影响
Figure 20. Influence of bolt placement on the removal torque of locking adhesive
表 1 试验用的代表性螺纹防松胶
Table 1. Representative thread locking adhesive for experiment
序号 防松胶
类别防松胶
型号生产厂家 产品标准 1 厌氧胶 Y-150 大连第二有机
化工厂2 乐泰243 Henkel公司 3 铁锚352 上海新光化工
有限公司4 环氧胶 650/E-44 天津燕海化学
股份有限公司QJ/Z151-1985 5 HY914 天津燕海化学
股份有限公司Q/12HG3753-2000 
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表 2 试验用的螺栓紧固件
Table 2. Bolt fasteners for experiment
序号 名称 规格 标准 材料 等级 1 螺栓 M8×48 GB/T5783 30CrMnSiA 10.9 螺母 M8 GB/T6170 30CrMnSiA 10 垫片 8 mm GB/T97.1 0Cr18Ni9 200 HV 2 螺栓 M5×44 QJ2581 TB3 1100 MPa螺母 M5 GB/T6170 0Cr18Ni9 A2-70 垫片 5 mm GB/T97.1 0Cr18Ni9 200 HV
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表 3 试验设计
Table 3. Design of the experiment
螺栓规格 螺纹防松胶 试验类型 试验重复次数 M8合金钢螺栓螺母、
M5钛合金螺栓与不锈钢螺母无螺纹防松胶 扭拉试验 10组 厌氧胶/Y-150 扭拉试验 10组 转矩试验 振动试验 5组 厌氧胶/乐泰243 扭拉试验 10组 转矩试验 振动试验 5组 厌氧胶/铁锚352 扭拉试验 10组 转矩试验 振动试验 5组 环氧胶/650/E-44 扭拉试验 10组 转矩试验 振动试验 5组 环氧胶/HY914 扭拉试验 10组 转矩试验 振动试验 5组
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