Atomization characteristics of centrifugal nozzles in high-altitude cyclonic air field
-
摘要:
采用数值模拟的方法对通过离心喷嘴的燃油在高空低温低压旋流空气流场中的雾化过程开展了研究，分析了高空极端工作环境下燃烧室内的流场、燃油雾化特性及其影响因素，研究了不同燃油温度对高空环境下雾化特性的影响。结果表明：高空低温低压条件下，燃烧室旋流器出口流速及湍动能强度降低。在相同压力损失下，随着海拔高度的增加，索太尔平均直径（SMD）增大，液滴喷射距离增加，20 μm以下液滴占比从35.15%降低到14.57%，并且相比于低温条件，低压条件对雾化特性的影响更强。在高空低温低压环境下，可以通过提高供油温度来提高雾化特性，当供油温度达到373.15 K还会发生闪急沸腾喷雾现象，索太尔平均直径显著降低，20 μm以下液滴占比从14.57%提高到57.41%。
-
关键词:
- 离心喷嘴 /
- 低温低压 /
- 闪急沸腾 /
- 索太尔平均直径（SMD） /
- 喷射距离
Abstract:Numerical simulation was employed to investigate the atomization process of fuel passing through the centrifugal nozzle in the low-temperature and low-pressure cyclonic air flow field at high altitude. The flow field in the combustion chamber under the extreme operating environment at high altitude was analyzed, the characteristics of the combustion chamber and fuel atomization were examined, and the influencing factors were investigated. Additionally, the influence of different fuel temperatures on the atomization characteristics under the high-altitude environment was studied. The results showed that the combustion chamber cyclone outlet flow rate and turbulent kinetic energy intensity decreased under low temperature and low pressure conditions at high altitude. At the same pressure drop, the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) increased with the increasing altitude and droplet injection distance. Additionally, the percentage of droplets smaller than 20 μm decreased from 35.15% to 14.57%. The influence of low-pressure conditions on atomization characteristics was found to be stronger than that of low-temperature conditions. In high-altitude, low-temperature, and low-pressure environments, atomization characteristics can be improved by increasing the oil supply temperature. Flash boiling spray phenomenon occurred when the oil supply temperature reached 373.15 K. This significantly reduced the SMD and increased the percentage of droplets below 20 μm from 14.57% to 57.41%.
-
图 5 距地面不同高度流场及轴向速度
Figure 5. Flow fields and axial velocities at various heights above ground level
图 6 距地面不同高度湍动能分布
Figure 6. Distribution of turbulent kinetic energy at various heights above the ground
图 7 不同进口温度、进口压力和海拔高度下湍动能分布
Figure 7. Distribution of turbulent kinetic energy at various inlet temperatures, pressures, and altitudes
图 8 不同进口温度、进口压力和海拔高度下的燃油液滴空间分布
Figure 8. Spatial distribution of fuel droplets was analyzed at various inlet temperatures, pressures, and altitudes
图 9 不同进口温度、进口压力和海拔高度下液滴SMD
Figure 9. Droplet SMD at different inlet temperatures, inlet pressures and altitudes
图 10 不同进口温度、进口压力和海拔高度下液滴粒径分布
Figure 10. Droplet diameter distribution at various inlet temperatures, pressures, and altitudes
图 11 不同进口温度、进口压力和海拔高度下液滴平均轴向速度
Figure 11. Average axial velocity of droplets at different inlet temperatures, inlet pressures and altitudes
图 12 不同进口温度、进口压力和海拔高度下液滴喷射距离
Figure 12. Droplet injection distance was measured at various inlet temperatures, pressures, and altitudes
图 13 不同供油温度下液滴SMD随时间变化（方案A）
Figure 13. Droplet SMD as a function of time at varying oil supply temperatures （Case A）
图 14 不同供油温度下燃油液滴粒径和组分分布图（方案A）
Figure 14. Fuel droplet diameter and component distribution at various fuel feed temperatures （Case A）
图 15 不同供油温度下液滴雾化特性（方案A）
Figure 15. Droplet atomization characteristics at different oil supply temperatures （Case A）
表 1 边界条件设置方案
Table 1. Boundary condition setting program
方案 进口温度/K 进口压力/kPa 工况 A 236.15 35.7 高空，H=8 km B 262.15 61.7 高原，H=4 km C 295.15 101.0 地面，H=0 km D 262.15 101.0 低温1 E 236.15 101.0 低温2 F 295.15 61.7 低压1 G 295.15 35.7 低压2 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 不同方案下的韦伯数、奥内佐格数和气液动量比
Table 2. We, Oh, and γ were calculated for various schemes
方案 We Oh γ A 0.4286 0.1153 0.0421 B 0.7007 0.0578 0.0704 C 1.2129 0.0317 0.1123 D 1.1060 0.0592 0.1206 E 1.0714 0.1230 0.1262 F 0.7748 0.0319 0.0681 G 0.4753 0.0315 0.0385
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 金如山, 索建秦. 先进燃气轮机燃烧室[M]. 北京: 航空工业出版社, 2016. JIN Rushan, SUO Jianqin. Advanced gas turbine combustor[M]. Beijing: Aviation Industry Press, 2016. (in ChineseJIN Rushan, SUO Jianqin. Advanced gas turbine combustor[M]. Beijing: Aviation Industry Press, 2016. (in Chinese) [2] 金仁瀚, 刘勇, 冯志鹏, 等. 双旋流燃烧室单头部油雾特性试验[J]. 航空动力学报, 2014, 29(2): 250-258. JIN Renhan, LIU Yong, FENG Zhipeng, et al. Experiment on spray characteristic of single head of dual-swirl cup combustor[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2014, 29(2): 250-258. (in ChineseJIN Renhan, LIU Yong, FENG Zhipeng, et al. Experiment on spray characteristic of single head of dual-swirl cup combustor[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2014, 29(2): 250-258. (in Chinese) [3] 桂韬, 夏丽敏, 邱伟, 等. 旋流器型式对空气雾化喷嘴雾化特性影响规律[J]. 航空动力学报, 2022, 37(3): 465-477. GUI Tao, XIA Limin, QIU Wei, et al. Effect of swirler types on spray characteristics of airblast atomizer[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2022, 37(3): 465-477. (in ChineseGUI Tao, XIA Limin, QIU Wei, et al. Effect of swirler types on spray characteristics of airblast atomizer[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2022, 37(3): 465-477. (in Chinese) [4] 严红, 陈福振. 航空发动机燃油雾化特性研究进展[J]. 推进技术, 2020, 41(9): 2038-2058. YAN Hong, CHEN Fuzhen. Review on fuel atomization in aeroengine[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2020, 41(9): 2038-2058. (in ChineseYAN Hong, CHEN Fuzhen. Review on fuel atomization in aeroengine[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2020, 41(9): 2038-2058. (in Chinese) [5] 周兵, 吉洪湖, 张宝诚. 旋流空气对双油路离心喷嘴雾化特性影响的试验[J]. 航空动力学报, 2013, 28(9): 1933-1941. ZHOU Bing, JI Honghu, ZHANG Baocheng. Experiment of swirled air effect on spray characteristic of double-line pressure-swirl atomizer[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2013, 28(9): 1933-1941. (in ChineseZHOU Bing, JI Honghu, ZHANG Baocheng. Experiment of swirled air effect on spray characteristic of double-line pressure-swirl atomizer[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2013, 28(9): 1933-1941. (in Chinese) [6] 李振祥, 郭志辉, 车俊龙, 等. 一种强剪切空气雾化喷嘴的流场和喷雾[J]. 航空动力学报, 2014, 29(11): 2704-2709. LI Zhenxiang, GUO Zhihui, CHE Junlong, et al. Flow field and spray of a high shear air-blast nozzle[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2014, 29(11): 2704-2709. (in ChineseLI Zhenxiang, GUO Zhihui, CHE Junlong, et al. Flow field and spray of a high shear air-blast nozzle[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2014, 29(11): 2704-2709. (in Chinese) [7] 刘涛, 卢克乾, 李文高. 基于PIV的旋流杯油雾速度场测量研究[J]. 测控技术, 2017, 36(1): 23-26. LIU Tao, LU Keqian, LI Wengao. Study on the measurement of spray velocity field of swirl cup based on particle image velocity[J]. Measurement & Control Technology, 2017, 36(1): 23-26. (in ChineseLIU Tao, LU Keqian, LI Wengao. Study on the measurement of spray velocity field of swirl cup based on particle image velocity[J]. Measurement & Control Technology, 2017, 36(1): 23-26. (in Chinese) [8] CROCKER D, FULLER E, SMITH C E. Fuel nozzle aerodynamic design using CFD analysis[R]. ASME Paper 96-GT-127, 1996. [9] JAEGLE F, SENONER J M, GARCÍA M, et al. Eulerian and Lagrangian spray simulations of an aeronautical multipoint injector[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2011, 33(2): 2099-2107. doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2010.07.027 [10] LING Y, ZALESKI S, SCARDOVELLI R. Multiscale simulation of atomization with small droplets represented by a Lagrangian point-particle model[J]. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2015, 76: 122-143. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2015.07.002 [11] IANNETTI A, LIU N S. The effect of spray initial conditions on heat release and emissions in LDI CFD calculations[R]. Reno, US: 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 2008. [12] 李营, 陆欣. 高温高压下燃油二次雾化特性的数值研究[J]. 柴油机设计与制造, 2013, 19(3): 1-4, 14. LI Ying, LU Xin. Numerical study of the secondary atomization characteristics of fuel under high-temperature and high-pressure[J]. Design and Manufacture of Diesel Engine, 2013, 19(3): 1-4, 14. (in ChineseLI Ying, LU Xin. Numerical study of the secondary atomization characteristics of fuel under high-temperature and high-pressure[J]. Design and Manufacture of Diesel Engine, 2013, 19(3): 1-4, 14. (in Chinese) [13] 刘爱虢, 王栋, 于浩洋, 等. 燃油温度对离心式喷嘴雾化性能影响[J]. 航空动力学报, 2020, 35(9): 1793-1800. LIU Aiguo, WANG Dong, YU Haoyang, et al. Effect of fuel temperature on atomization characteristics of centrifugal nozzle[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2020, 35(9): 1793-1800. (in ChineseLIU Aiguo, WANG Dong, YU Haoyang, et al. Effect of fuel temperature on atomization characteristics of centrifugal nozzle[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2020, 35(9): 1793-1800. (in Chinese) [14] 付文锋, 蔡泽萍, 王蓝婧, 等. 旋流结构参数对压力旋流喷嘴雾化特性影响的数值模拟[J]. 华北电力大学学报(自然科学版), 2025, 52(1): 126-134. FU Wenfeng, CAI Zeping, WANG Lanjing, et al. Numerical simulation of influence of swirl structure parameters on atomization characteristics of pressure swirl nozzle[J]. Journal of North China Electric Power University (Natural Science Edition), 2025, 52(1): 126-134. (in ChineseFU Wenfeng, CAI Zeping, WANG Lanjing, et al. Numerical simulation of influence of swirl structure parameters on atomization characteristics of pressure swirl nozzle[J]. Journal of North China Electric Power University (Natural Science Edition), 2025, 52(1): 126-134. (in Chinese) [15] 马佳敏, 王博韬, 李胡坤, 等. 旋流雾化喷嘴雾化特性的数值模拟[J]. 航空发动机, 2019, 45(5): 53-57. MA Jiamin, WANG Botao, LI Hukun, et al. Numerical simulation of atomization characteristics of swirl atomizing nozzle[J]. Aeroengine, 2019, 45(5): 53-57. (in ChineseMA Jiamin, WANG Botao, LI Hukun, et al. Numerical simulation of atomization characteristics of swirl atomizing nozzle[J]. Aeroengine, 2019, 45(5): 53-57. (in Chinese) [16] DENTON M. Experimental investigation into the high altitude relight characteristics of a three-cup combustor sector[D]. Cincinnati, US: University of Cincinnati, 2017. [17] 周瑜, 黄渊, 陈伟强, 等. 高空来流条件下航空发动机双旋流燃烧室点火特性数值模拟[J]. 推进技术, 2022, 43(9): 210341. ZHOU Yu, HUANG Yuan, CHEN Weiqiang, et al. Numerical simulation of ignition characteristics of aeroengine combustor with two-stage swirler under high-altitude inflow conditions[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2022, 43(9): 210341. (in ChineseZHOU Yu, HUANG Yuan, CHEN Weiqiang, et al. Numerical simulation of ignition characteristics of aeroengine combustor with two-stage swirler under high-altitude inflow conditions[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2022, 43(9): 210341. (in Chinese) [18] 付淑青, 马洪安, 吴宗霖, 等. 低温环境下RP-3航空煤油雾化特性试验研究[J]. 航空发动机, 2021, 47(6): 26-31. FU Shuqing, MA Hongan, WU Zonglin, et al. Test study on spray characteristics of RP-3 aviation kerosene at low temperature[J]. Aeroengine, 2021, 47(6): 26-31. (in ChineseFU Shuqing, MA Hongan, WU Zonglin, et al. Test study on spray characteristics of RP-3 aviation kerosene at low temperature[J]. Aeroengine, 2021, 47(6): 26-31. (in Chinese) [19] 赵乾鹏, 杨金虎, 刘存喜, 等. 多级旋流空气雾化喷嘴高空气动雾化场的数值研究[J]. 航空动力学报, 2021, 36(12): 2555-2567. ZHAO Qianpeng, YANG Jinhu, LIU Cunxi, et al. Numerical investigation of high altitude aerodynamic and spray fields for multi-swirl airblast atomizer[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2021, 36(12): 2555-2567. (in ChineseZHAO Qianpeng, YANG Jinhu, LIU Cunxi, et al. Numerical investigation of high altitude aerodynamic and spray fields for multi-swirl airblast atomizer[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2021, 36(12): 2555-2567. (in Chinese) [20] LAZIK W, DOERR T, BAKE S, et al. Development of lean-burn low-NOx combustion technology at rolls-Royce deutschland[C]// ASME Turbo Expo: Power for Land. Oslo, Norway: ASME, 2018. [21] GRECH N, MEHDI A, ZACHOS P K, et al. Effect of combustor geometry on performance of airblast atomizer under sub-atmospheric conditions[J]. Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 2012, 6(2): 203-213. doi: 10.1080/19942060.2012.11015415 [22] 王志凯, 陈盛, 江立军, 等. 气量分配对双级轴向旋流器性能影响的试验研究[J]. 推进技术, 2019, 40(8): 1799-1806. WANG Zhikai, CHEN Sheng, JIANG Lijun, et al. Experimental investigation of effects of airflow split on characteristics of dual-axial swirler[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2019, 40(8): 1799-1806. (in ChineseWANG Zhikai, CHEN Sheng, JIANG Lijun, et al. Experimental investigation of effects of airflow split on characteristics of dual-axial swirler[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2019, 40(8): 1799-1806. (in Chinese) [23] 张光通. 旋流喷嘴雾化特性的仿真与试验研究[D]. 河北 秦皇岛: 燕山大学, 2016. ZHANG Guangtong. Simulation and experimental study on atomization characteristics of swirl nozzle[D]. Qinhuangdao Hebei: Yanshan University, 2016. (in ChineseZHANG Guangtong. Simulation and experimental study on atomization characteristics of swirl nozzle[D]. Qinhuangdao Hebei: Yanshan University, 2016. (in Chinese) [24] 梅雨. 高温升燃烧室头部油雾特性研究[D]. 南京: 南京航空航天大学, 2021. MEI Yu. Study on the characteristics of oil mist in the head of high temperature combustion chamber[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2021. (in ChineseMEI Yu. Study on the characteristics of oil mist in the head of high temperature combustion chamber[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2021. (in Chinese) [25] 李超, 雷雨冰, 潘鑫峰. 蒸发管蒸发效率的试验与管内两相流动的数值模拟[J]. 航空动力学报, 2018, 33(12): 2877-2884. LI Chao, LEI Yubing, PAN Xinfeng. Experiment on evaporation efficiency of vaporizer and numerical simulation of two-phase flow in vaporizer[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2018, 33(12): 2877-2884. (in ChineseLI Chao, LEI Yubing, PAN Xinfeng. Experiment on evaporation efficiency of vaporizer and numerical simulation of two-phase flow in vaporizer[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2018, 33(12): 2877-2884. (in Chinese) [26] 高宏力, 张付军, 刘波澜, 等. 空气辅助喷射闪急沸腾喷雾特性试验[J]. 航空动力学报, 2019, 34(1): 63-72. GAO Hongli, ZHANG Fujun, LIU Bolan, et al. Experiment on spray characteristics of air-assisted injection under flash boiling conditions[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2019, 34(1): 63-72. (in ChineseGAO Hongli, ZHANG Fujun, LIU Bolan, et al. Experiment on spray characteristics of air-assisted injection under flash boiling conditions[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2019, 34(1): 63-72. (in Chinese) -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 570
- HTML浏览量: 421
- PDF量: 33
- 被引次数: 0