基于粒子群算法的热流辨识方法研究

朱新新; 王辉; 杨庆涛; 杨凯

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240195

基于粒子群算法的热流辨识方法研究

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240195

朱新新^{1, 2,},
王辉^{1, 2,*, ,},
杨庆涛^{1, 2},
杨凯^{1, 2}

1.
中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所，四川绵阳 621000
2.
中国空气动力研究与发展中心飞行器流体物理全国重点实验室，四川绵阳 621000

详细信息

作者简介:
朱新新（1988-），男，助理研究员，硕士，主要从事气动热与热防护试验测试技术研究。E-mail：xinxincomplex@126.com

通讯作者:
王辉（1972-），男，研究员，博士，主要从事气动热与热防护试验测试技术、智能控制与系统辨识相关研究工作。E-mail：wanghui@cardc.cn

中图分类号: V211.7
计量
- 文章访问数: 539
- HTML浏览量: 244
- PDF量: 27
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-04-01
- 网络出版日期: 2025-10-31

Research on heat flux estimation method based on particle swarm optimization

ZHU Xinxin^{1, 2
,},
WANG Hui^{1, 2,*
, ,},
YANG Qingtao^{1, 2},
YANG Kai^{1, 2}

1.
Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute，China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center，Mianyang Sichuan 621000，China
2.
National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Physics in Fluids，China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center，Mianyang Sichuan 621000，China

摘要

摘要:
针对不同材料模型表面热流辨识问题，通过引入热物性特征系数，基于能量守恒原理和傅里叶传热定律推导了双点测温热阻式热流传感器辨识热流的通解，提出了一种采用粒子群算法优化求解双点测温热阻式热流传感器通解的方法。为了说明该方法的有效性，建立双点测温热阻式热流传感器仿真传热模型，分别对铜、高温合金、碳化锆3种材料制作的传感器的热物性特征系数进行优化求解，得到了3种材料传感器热流辨识的具体求解方法。然后结合3种热流测试应用场景需求，得到不同测试场景下3种材料传感器的辨识热流与加载热流误差均小于1%，表明提出的基于粒子群算法的热流辨识方法有较好的辨识精度。
- 气动热 /
- 热流辨识 /
- 热阻式热流传感器 /
- 粒子群算法 /
- 热物性特征系数
Abstract:
With respect to the problem of heat flux estimation of different material model surfaces, by introducing the thermophysical characteristic coefficients, the general solution of heat flux estimation for the thermo-resistance heat flux sensor with two temperature points was derived based on the principle of energy conservation and Fourier heat transfer law. And a particle swarm method of optimizing the general solution of the thermo-resistance heat flux sensor with two temperature points was proposed. In order to illustrate the effectiveness of this method, a heat transfer simulation model of the thermo-resistance heat flux sensor with two temperature points was established. The thermophysical characteristic coefficients of sensors made of copper, superalloy and zirconium carbide were optimized respectively, and the specific heat flux estimation methods of sensors made of three materials were obtained. Then according to three application requirements of heat flux test, the heat flux error of each sensor between estimated and loaded heat fluxes in different test scenarios was less than 1%. The results showed that the proposed heat flux estimation method based on particle swarm optimization had better estimation accuracy.
- aerodynamic heat /
- heat flux estimation /
- thermo-resistance heat flux sensor /
- particle swarm optimization algorithm /
- thermophysical characteristic coefficients

HTML

图 1 传感器测热原理

Figure 1. Heat transfer measurement principle of the sensor

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 粒子群算法流程

Figure 2. Flowchart of PSO

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 传感器外形示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of sensor profile

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 传热仿真模型

Figure 4. Heat transfer simulation model

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 传感器尺寸（单位：mm）

Figure 5. Size of sensor （unit：mm）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 传感器温度云图

Figure 6. Temperature nephogram of sensor

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 迭代过程

Figure 7. Iterative process

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 传感器温度和热流曲线

Figure 8. Sensor temperature and heat flux curves

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 单状态热流辨识结果（q_best）

Figure 9. Single-state heat flux estimation results （q_best）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 多状态热流辨识结果

Figure 10. Multi-state heat flux estimation results

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 辨识热流曲线（q_best）

Figure 11. Estimation heat flux curves （q_best）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 MF-1热流辨识结果

Figure 12. MF-1 heat flux estimation results

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 驻点热流辨识结果

Figure 13. Stagnation heat flux estimation results

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 不同热流下的适应度

Table 1. Fitness under different heat flux values

热流/ （kW/m²）	最优适应度	热物性特征系数
200	0.634	（1.097，0.536，0.310，0.998）
400	0.633	（1.097，0.549，0.300，0.999）
800	0.632	（1.081，0.567，0.300，0.999）
1200	0.632	（1.085，0.556，0.307，0.999）
1600	0.633	（1.090，0.542，0.300，1.000）
2 000	0.635	（1.083，0.564，0.300，1.000）

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(33)

[1]	许巍, 赵俊伟, 袁本立, 等. 飞行器热防护与利用一体化系统实验与模拟[J]. 航空动力学报, 2022, 37(3): 555-563. XU Wei, ZHAO Junwei, YUAN Benli, et al. Experiment and simulation on aircraft thermal protection and utilization integrated system[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2022, 37(3): 555-563. (in Chinese XU Wei, ZHAO Junwei, YUAN Benli, et al. Experiment and simulation on aircraft thermal protection and utilization integrated system[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2022, 37(3): 555-563. (in Chinese)
[2]	QIAO Yancong, LIU Peng, LIU Wei, et al. Analysis and optimization of flow and heat transfer performance of active thermal protection channel for hypersonic aircraft[J]. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 2022, 39: 102476. doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2022.102476
[3]	马晗, 方芳, 陈强, 等. 空天飞行器热防护与热管理技术分析与展望[J]. 空天技术, 2023(1): 98-106, 131. MA Han, FANG Fang, CHEN Qiang, et al. Analysis and prospect on thermal protection and thermal management technologies of aerospace vehicles[J]. Aerospace Technology, 2023(1): 98-106, 131. (in Chinese MA Han, FANG Fang, CHEN Qiang, et al. Analysis and prospect on thermal protection and thermal management technologies of aerospace vehicles[J]. Aerospace Technology, 2023(1): 98-106, 131. (in Chinese)
[4]	朱晓军, 李锋, 欧东斌, 等. 典型部件疏导式热防护试验技术研究[J]. 实验力学, 2020, 35(4): 681-687. ZHU Xiaojun, LI Feng, OU Dongbin, et al. Investigation on testing technology of typical component dredging thermal protection[J]. Journal of Experimental Mechanics, 2020, 35(4): 681-687. (in Chinese ZHU Xiaojun, LI Feng, OU Dongbin, et al. Investigation on testing technology of typical component dredging thermal protection[J]. Journal of Experimental Mechanics, 2020, 35(4): 681-687. (in Chinese)
[5]	秦强, 成竹, 蒋军亮. 高超声速飞行器热-结构试验体系与发展概况[J]. 空天技术, 2023(4): 59-69. QIN Qiang, CHENG Zhu, JIANG Junliang. Thermal-structure test system and development of hypersonic vehicles[J]. Aerospace Technology, 2023(4): 59-69. (in Chinese QIN Qiang, CHENG Zhu, JIANG Junliang. Thermal-structure test system and development of hypersonic vehicles[J]. Aerospace Technology, 2023(4): 59-69. (in Chinese)
[6]	高庆华, 郄殿福. 热流测量技术发展综述[J]. 航天器环境工程, 2020, 37(3): 218-227. GAO Qinghua, QIE Dianfu. The development of heat flux measurement technology[J]. Spacecraft Environment Engineering, 2020, 37(3): 218-227. (in Chinese GAO Qinghua, QIE Dianfu. The development of heat flux measurement technology[J]. Spacecraft Environment Engineering, 2020, 37(3): 218-227. (in Chinese)
[7]	罗凯, 汪球, 栗继伟, 等. 传感器安装对平板气动热测量精度的影响[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2021, 47(9): 1790-1798. LUO Kai, WANG Qiu, LI Jiwei, et al. Influence of sensor installation on accuracy of aerodynamic heating measurement on flat plate[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2021, 47(9): 1790-1798. (in Chinese LUO Kai, WANG Qiu, LI Jiwei, et al. Influence of sensor installation on accuracy of aerodynamic heating measurement on flat plate[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2021, 47(9): 1790-1798. (in Chinese)
[8]	朱新新, 李泽禹, 赵文峰, 等. 水卡量热计的流热耦合模拟研究及试验分析[J]. 实验流体力学, 2022, 36(6): 83-88. ZHU Xinxin, LI Zeyu, ZHAO Wenfeng, et al. Research on fluid-thermal coupling simulation of water-cooled calorimeter and experimental analysis[J]. Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, 2022, 36(6): 83-88. (in Chinese ZHU Xinxin, LI Zeyu, ZHAO Wenfeng, et al. Research on fluid-thermal coupling simulation of water-cooled calorimeter and experimental analysis[J]. Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, 2022, 36(6): 83-88. (in Chinese)
[9]	LÖHLE S, BATTAGLIA J L, JULLIEN P, et al. Improvement of high heat flux measurement using a null-point calorimeter[J]. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 2008, 45(1): 76-81. doi: 10.2514/1.30092
[10]	FRANKEL J I, EKICI K. Revisiting slug calorimeters for hypersonics[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2020, 102: 105869. doi: 10.1016/j.ast.2020.105869
[11]	GARDON R. An instrument for the direct measurement of intense thermal radiation[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 1953, 24(5): 366-370. doi: 10.1063/1.1770712
[12]	STATHOPOULOS P, HOFMANN F, ROTHENFLUH T, et al. Calibration of a gardon sensor in a high-temperature high heat flux stagnation facility[J]. Experimental Heat Transfer: A Journal of Thermal Energy Generation, Transport, Storage, and Conversion, 2012, 25(3): 222-237.
[13]	刘初平. 气动热与热防护试验热流测量[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2013. LIU Chuping. Measurement of heat flow in aerodynamic heat and thermal protection test[M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2013. (in Chinese LIU Chuping. Measurement of heat flow in aerodynamic heat and thermal protection test[M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2013. (in Chinese)
[14]	钱炜祺, 周宇, 邵元培. 表面热流辨识结果的误差分析与估计[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2020, 38(4): 687-693. QIAN Weiqi, ZHOU Yu, SHAO Yuanpei. Error analysis of surface heat flux estimation[J]. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2020, 38(4): 687-693. (in Chinese QIAN Weiqi, ZHOU Yu, SHAO Yuanpei. Error analysis of surface heat flux estimation[J]. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2020, 38(4): 687-693. (in Chinese)
[15]	国义军, 周宇, 肖涵山, 等. 飞行试验热流辨识和边界层转捩滞后现象[J]. 航空学报, 2017, 38(10): 121255. GUO Yijun, ZHOU Yu, XIAO Hanshan, et al. Delay phenomenon of boundary layer transition according to heating flux identified from flight test[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2017, 38(10): 121255. (in Chinese GUO Yijun, ZHOU Yu, XIAO Hanshan, et al. Delay phenomenon of boundary layer transition according to heating flux identified from flight test[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2017, 38(10): 121255. (in Chinese)
[16]	TRILOK G, VISHWESHWARA P S, GNANASEKARAN N. Inverse estimation of heat flux under forced convection conjugate heat transfer in a vertical channel fully filled with metal foam[J]. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 2022, 33: 101343. doi: 10.1016/j.tsep.2022.101343
[17]	OLIVEIRA A V S, TEIXEIRA J, SCHICK V, et al. Using a linear inverse heat conduction model to estimate the boundary heat flux with a material undergoing phase transformation[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2023, 219: 119406. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.119406
[18]	WANG Hui, ZHU Tao, ZHU Xinxin, et al. Inverse estimation of dynamic heat flux using proportional integral derivative control[J]. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 2024, 38(2): 222-231. doi: 10.2514/1.T6855
[19]	唐亮, 李平, 张锋, 等. 基于传热反问题方法的N₂O/C₂H₄预混推进剂燃烧室热流测量研究[J]. 推进技术, 2020, 41(5): 1082-1088. TANG Liang, LI Ping, ZHANG Feng, et al. Measurement of heat flux in a N₂O/C₂H₄ premixed propellant combustion chamber based on inverse heat transfer method[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2020, 41(5): 1082-1088. (in Chinese TANG Liang, LI Ping, ZHANG Feng, et al. Measurement of heat flux in a N₂O/C₂H₄ premixed propellant combustion chamber based on inverse heat transfer method[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2020, 41(5): 1082-1088. (in Chinese)
[20]	SUSLOV D I, ARNOLD R, HAIDN O J. Investigation of film cooling efficiency in a high pressure subscale LOX/H2 combustion chamber: AIAA-2011-5778 [R]. San Diego, US: 47th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference , 2011.
[21]	DOWDING K, BLACKWELL B, BECK J. Estimating temperature-dependent thermal properties of carbon-carbon composite: AIAA 1998-2933 [R]. Albuquerque, US: 7th AIAA/ASME Joint Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Conference, 1998.
[22]	LÖHLE S, BATTAGLIA J L, BATSALE J C, et al. Characterization of a heat flux sensor using short pulse laser calibration[J]. 2007, 78(5): 053501.
[23]	FRANKEL J I, KEYHANI M, ELKINS B E. Surface heat flux prediction through physics-based calibration, part 1: theory[J]. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 2013, 27(2): 189-205. doi: 10.2514/1.T3917
[24]	PULLINS C A, DILLER T E. Direct measurement of hot-wall heat flux[J]. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 2012, 26(3): 430-438. doi: 10.2514/1.T3772
[25]	HUBBLE D O, DILLER T E. A hybrid method for measuring heat flux[J]. Journal of Heat Transfer, 2010, 132(3): 031602. doi: 10.1115/1.4000051
[26]	WANG Hui, ZHU Tao, ZHU Xinxin, et al. Inverse estimation of hot-wall heat flux using nonlinear artificial neural networks[J]. Measurement, 2021, 181: 109648. doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2021.109648
[27]	马庆芳. 实用热物理性质手册[M]. 北京: 中国农业机械出版社, 1986. MA Qingfang. Handbook of practical thermophysical properties[M]. Beijing: China Agricultural Machinery Press, 1986. (in Chinese MA Qingfang. Handbook of practical thermophysical properties[M]. Beijing: China Agricultural Machinery Press, 1986. (in Chinese)
[28]	BECK J V. Inverse heat conduction[M]. New York: A Wiley-Interscience Publication, 1985.
[29]	杜明杰, 吕旭飞, 魏锦洲, 等. 基于粒子群算法的飞机燃油箱热参数反演[J]. 航空动力学报, 2023, 38(1): 250-256. DU Mingjie, LÜ Xufei, WEI Jinzhou, et al. Inversion of thermal parameters of aircraft fuel tank based on particle swarm optimization[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2023, 38(1): 250-256. (in Chinese DU Mingjie, LÜ Xufei, WEI Jinzhou, et al. Inversion of thermal parameters of aircraft fuel tank based on particle swarm optimization[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2023, 38(1): 250-256. (in Chinese)
[30]	黄松, 赵胜丰, 阳诚武, 等. 采用多层次优化方法的超紧凑GTF增压级气动设计[J]. 航空动力学报, 2023, 38(5): 1226-1238. HUANG Song, ZHAO Shengfeng, YANG Chengwu, et al. Aggressive GTF booster aerodynamic design with multi-level optimization method[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2023, 38(5): 1226-1238. (in Chinese HUANG Song, ZHAO Shengfeng, YANG Chengwu, et al. Aggressive GTF booster aerodynamic design with multi-level optimization method[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2023, 38(5): 1226-1238. (in Chinese)
[31]	陈学, 卢国鹏, 孙创, 等. 涂层材料瞬态传热实验与导热系数辨识[J]. 航空动力学报, 2023, 38(4): 777-786. CHEN Xue, LU Guopeng, SUN Chuang, et al. Transient heat transfer experiment and thermal conductivity identification of coating materials[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2023, 38(4): 777-786. (in Chinese CHEN Xue, LU Guopeng, SUN Chuang, et al. Transient heat transfer experiment and thermal conductivity identification of coating materials[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2023, 38(4): 777-786. (in Chinese)
[32]	周宇, 杨庆涛, 王安龄, 等. MF-1飞行试验表面热流辨识[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2019, 37(6): 938-944. ZHOU Yu, YANG Qingtao, WANG Anling, et al. Estimation of surface heat flux for MF-1 flight test[J]. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2019, 37(6): 938-944. (in Chinese ZHOU Yu, YANG Qingtao, WANG Anling, et al. Estimation of surface heat flux for MF-1 flight test[J]. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2019, 37(6): 938-944. (in Chinese)
[33]	陈功. 升力式再入飞行器气动控制一体化设计方法研究[D]. 长沙: 国防科技大学, 2020. CHEN Gong. Research on integrated design method of aerodynamic control for lift reentry vehicle[D]. Changsha: National University of Defense Technology, 2020. (in Chinese CHEN Gong. Research on integrated design method of aerodynamic control for lift reentry vehicle[D]. Changsha: National University of Defense Technology, 2020. (in Chinese)