Effect of thermophysical property of the mainstream on the cooling performance evaluation of gas turbine vane with conjugate heat transfer methods
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摘要:
针对不同的主流物性参数设置对涡轮叶片冷却性能数值评估结果的影响，以及涡轮叶片气热耦合计算中主流物性参数的选取应遵循何种原则的问题，以某燃气涡轮导向器叶片冷却方案设计阶段的全三维气热耦合评估为例，通过对比主流不同比热容、动力黏度、导热系数下的叶片表面温度分布与平均综合冷却效率差异，分析总结了涡轮叶片气热耦合计算中主流物性参数的影响机制与选取方法。结果表明：不同主流物性参数下的涡轮进口雷诺数、通道马赫数及贝克来数等不同，导致叶片表面附近的流动与传热特性存在差异。其中，贝克来数对于获取准确的涡轮叶片表面温度分布尤为关键。相比于比热容和动力黏度，保证高温燃气的导热系数能获得更可靠的涡轮叶片冷却性能评估结果。
Abstract:In an attempt to clarify the effect of thermophysical property settings of the mainstream working fluid on the turbine vane cooling effectiveness assessment and their definition principles in the conjugate heat transfer numerical simulation, three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer analysis of the preliminary cooling design of a gas turbine vane was conducted in this study, wherein both the vane surface temperature distribution and the average cooling effectiveness discrepancies with distinct defining methods of the mainstream specific heat capacity, dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity were carefully examined. Moreover, the influencing mechanism and selection principle of the mainstream thermophysical properties were also analyzed and proposed. Results showed that the mainstream flow and heat transfer characteristics around the vane were dissimilar, resulting from the unequal turbine inlet Reynolds number, passage Mach number and Peclet number of different thermophysical properties, among which the Peclet number was found to play a key role in deriving more accurate temperature profile for the turbine vane. Meanwhile, compared with the specific heat capacity and dynamic viscosity, keeping the thermal conductivity of mainstream consistent with the hot gas could guarantee a more reliable evaluation of the cooling performance for turbine vane.
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图 4 不同主流工质下的涡轮叶片表面温度分布
Figure 4. Surface temperature distribution of the vane under different mainstream working fluid
图 5 不同主流工质下的涡轮叶栅通道中截面马赫数分布
Figure 5. Mach number distribution at the midspan under different mainstream working fluid
图 6 边界条件按照Ma、Re模化后不同主流工质下的涡轮叶片表面温度分布
Figure 6. Surface temperature distribution of the vane after boundary condition modeling
图 7 边界条件按照Ma、Re模化后不同主流工质下的涡轮叶栅通道中截面马赫数Ma分布
Figure 7. Midspan Mach number distribution of different mainstream working fluid after the boundary condition modeling
图 8 不同主流工质下的涡轮叶片综合冷却效率对比（数值结果）
Figure 8. Comparison of the integrated cooling effectiveness under different mainstream working fluid （numerical calculation）
图 9 不同主流工质下的涡轮叶片综合冷却效率对比（简化模型结果）
Figure 9. Comparison of the integrated cooling effectiveness under different mainstream working fluid （simplified theoretical model analysis）
表 1 主流工质类型及其物性参数
Table 1. Working fluid type of the mainstream and its properties
简称 主流工质 物性参数 GAS 高温燃气
（hot gas）$ {R_{{\text{ggas}}}} = 287.401\;{{ {\mathrm{J}}/ （{\mathrm{kg}}}} \cdot {{{\mathrm{K}}}} ） $
$ {c_{p{\text{gas}}}} = {a_{\text{0}}} + {a_1}T + {a_2}{T^2} + {a_3}{T^3} + {a_4}{T^4} $
$ {\mu _{{\text{gas}}}} = {\mu _0}{\left( {\dfrac{T}{{{T_0}}}} \right)^{3/2}}\dfrac{{{T_0} + S}}{{T + S}} $
$ {\lambda _{{\text{gas}}}} = {\lambda _0}{\left( {\dfrac{T}{{{T_0}}}} \right)^{3/2}}\dfrac{{{T_0} + S}}{{T + S}} $AIR 理想空气
（air ideal gas）$ {R_{{\text{gair}}}} = 287.103\;{{ {\mathrm{J}}/ （{\mathrm{kg}}}} \cdot {{{\mathrm{K}}}} ） $
$ {c_{p{\text{air}}}} = 1\;004.4\;{{ {\mathrm{J}}/ （{\mathrm{kg}}}} \cdot {{{\mathrm{K}}}} ） $
$ {\mu _{{\text{air}}}} = 1.831 \times {10^{ - 5}}\;{\text{ Pa}} \cdot {\text{s}} $
$ {\lambda _{{\text{air}}}} = 0.026\;1\;{{ {\mathrm{W}}/ （{\mathrm{m}}}} \cdot {\rm{K}} ） $GAS cp 理想空气+
高温燃气cp$ {R_{{\text{ggas}}}} $, $ {c_{p{\text{gas}}}} $, $ {\mu _{{\text{air}}}} $, $ {\lambda _{{\text{air}}}} $ GAS μ 理想空气+
高温燃气μ$ {R_{{\text{gair}}}} $, $ {c_{p{\text{air}}}} $, $ {\mu _{{\text{gas}}}} $, $ {\lambda _{{\text{air}}}} $ GAS λ 理想空气+
高温燃气λ$ {R_{{\text{gair}}}} $, $ {c_{p{\text{air}}}} $, $ {\mu _{{\text{air}}}} $, $ {\lambda _{{\text{gas}}}} $ 
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表 2 不同主流工质下的涡轮进口特征准则数对比
Table 2. Turbine inlet criterion parameters under different mainstream working fluid
主流工质 γ Pr Re Pe GAS 1.3 0.831 187737 156009 GAS cp 1.3 0.850 487746 414584 GAS μ 1.4 1.746 194710 339964 GAS λ 1.4 0.278 505233 140455 AIR 1.4 0.705 505239 356193
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表 3 按照Ma、Re模化后不同主流工质下的涡轮进口特征准则数对比
Table 3. Turbine inlet criterion parameters of different mainstream working fluid after the boundary condition modeling
主流工质 γ Pr Re Pe GAS 1.3 0.831 187737 156009 GAS cp 1.3 0.850 187342 159241 GAS μ 1.4 1.746 187969 328194 GAS λ 1.4 0.278 187424 52104 AIR 1.4 0.705 187361 132090
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