微织构对气膜浮环密封静力与动力特性影响研究

王鑫宇; 赵欢; 孙丹; 张立静; 任国哲; 樊汝凤

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240253

微织构对气膜浮环密封静力与动力特性影响研究

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240253

王鑫宇^1,,
赵欢^1,*, ,,
孙丹¹,
张立静²,
任国哲¹,
樊汝凤¹

1.
沈阳航空航天大学航空发动机学院辽宁省航空推进系统先进测试技术重点实验室，沈阳 110136
2.
中国航发沈阳发动机研究所，沈阳 110015

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52375195）；中国航空发动机集团产学研合作项目（HFZL2021CXY012）

详细信息

作者简介:
王鑫宇（1998-），男，硕士生，主要从事航空发动机轴承腔圆周石墨密封动力润滑特性研究。E-mail：2301909198@qq.com

通讯作者:
赵欢（1982-），女，教授，博士，主要从事航空发动机新材料密封的制备技术及其特性研究。E-mail：phd_zhaohuan@163.com

中图分类号: V231
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-04-25
- 网络出版日期: 2024-11-13

Study on the influence of micro-texture on leakage and dynamic characteristics of air film floating ring seal

1.
Liaoning Key Lab of Advanced Test Technology for Aerospace Propulsion System，School of Aero-engine，Shenyang Aerospace University，Shenyang 110136，China
2.
Shenyang Engine Research Institute，Aero Engine Corporation of China，Shenyang 110015，China

摘要

摘要:
采用非定常动网格技术建立微织构气膜浮环密封多频椭圆涡动静力与动力特性求解模型，在验证数值方法准确性的基础上，分析了无微织构、人字形微织构、月牙形微织构、树形微织构对气膜浮环密封静力与动力特性的影响。研究了不同工况参数及偏心率对气膜浮环密封动压效应、泄漏量、浮升力及动力特性系数的影响规律，揭示了微织构对气膜浮环密封静力与动力特性的影响机理。结果表明：3种微织构气膜浮环密封随着偏心率的增大流体动压效应逐渐增强，其中人字形微织构的流体动压效应最为显著；泄漏量随偏心率、进口压力的增加而增大，随转子转速的增加而减小，其中无微织构的泄漏量最小；浮升力随偏心率、进口压力及转子转速的增加逐渐增大，其中人字形微织构的浮升力最大；在相同的工况参数条件下，人字形微织构的交叉刚度为负值，且随着涡动频率的增加先增大后减小，其余3种结构的交叉刚度均为正值；在低频下人字形微织构的有效阻尼最大，频率大于200 Hz时无微织构的有效阻尼最大，人字形微织构的有效阻尼次之；无微织构、人字形微织构、树形微织构的切向力均与转子涡动速度方向相反，能提高转子系统的稳定性。
- 气膜浮环密封 /
- 微织构 /
- 动压效应 /
- 静力与动力特性 /
- 气流激振力
Abstract:
A multi-frequency elliptic eddy leakage and dynamic characteristics model of micro-textured air film floating ring seal was established by unsteady moving grid technique. The effects of micro-textured, herring-like, crescent and tree micro-textured on the leakage and dynamic characteristics of the micro-textured air film floating ring seal were analyzed based on the accuracy of the numerical method. The effects of different working conditions and eccentricity on the dynamic pressure effect, leakage amount, buoyancy lift and dynamic characteristic coefficient of the air film floating ring seal were studied, and the influence mechanism of micro-texture on the leakage and dynamic characteristics of the air film floating ring seal was revealed. The results showed that the hydrodynamic pressure effect of the three kinds of micro-texture air film floating ring seals increased with the increase of eccentricity, and the hydrodynamic pressure effect of the herringbone micro-texture was the most significant. The leakage amount increased with the increase of eccentricity and inlet pressure, and decreased with the increase of rotor speed, and the leakage amount without micro-texture was the least. The buoyancy force increased gradually with the increase of eccentricity, inlet pressure and rotor speed, and the buoyancy force of herringbone micro-texture was the largest. Under the same working conditions, the cross stiffness of the herringbone microtexture was negative, and increased first and then decreased with the increase of the vortex frequency. The cross stiffness of the other three structures was positive. The effective damping of herringbone microtexture was the largest at low frequency, and the effective damping of no microtexture was the largest when the frequency was greater than 200 Hz, followed by the effective damping of herringbone microtexture. The tangential force of no micro texture, herringbone micro texture and tree micro texture was opposite to the rotor vortex velocity, which can improve the stability of rotor system.
- air film floating ring seal /
- microtexture /
- dynamic pressure effect /
- static and dynamic characteristics /
- airflow excitation force

HTML

图 1 气膜浮环密封二维结构示意图

Figure 1. Two-dimensional structure diagram of gas film floating ring seal

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图 2 气膜浮环密封转子偏心示意图

Figure 2. Eccentricity diagram of gas film floating ring seal rotor

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图 3 气膜浮环密封受力分析图

Figure 3. Air film floating ring seal force analysis diagram

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图 4 端面密封中的织构类型

Figure 4. Texture type of end face seal

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图 5 椭圆轨迹涡动模型

Figure 5. Elliptical trajectory whirling model

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图 6 微织构气膜浮环密封三维模型

Figure 6. Three-dimensional model of micro-textured gas film floating ring seal

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图 7 网格划分示意图

Figure 7. Grid division diagram

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图 8 微织构气膜浮环密封计算模型

Figure 8. Calculation model of micro-textured gas film floating ring seal

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图 9 网格无关性验证

Figure 9. Grid independence verification

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图 10 数值模型计算结果验证

Figure 10. Verification of numerical model calculation results

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图 11 柱面气膜密封模型

Figure 11. Cylinder gas film seal model

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图 12 动力特性计算结果准确性验证

Figure 12. Verification of the accuracy of the calculation results of dynamic characteristics

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图 13 不同微织构气膜浮环密封压力分布云图

Figure 13. Sealing pressure distribution cloud diagram of different micro-textured gas film floating ring

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图 14 不同微织构气膜浮环密封压力差

Figure 14. Sealing pressure difference of gas film floating ring with different micro-textures

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图 15 不同微织构速度矢量分布图

Figure 15. Velocity vector distribution of different micro-textures

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图 16 不同工况下气膜浮环密封的浮升力变化

Figure 16. Buoyancy changes of gas film floating ring seal under different working conditions

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图 17 不同工况下气膜浮环密封的泄漏量变化

Figure 17. Leakage change of gas film floating ring seal under different working conditions

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图 18 动力特性系数随转子涡动频率的关系图

Figure 18. Relationship of dynamic characteristic coefficient with rotor vortex frequency

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图 19 不同微织构气膜浮环密封转子面的压力与气流激振力矢量图

Figure 19. Pressure and airflow excitation force vector diagram of rotor surface of different micro-textured gas film floating ring seals

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表 1 微织构气膜浮环密封模型几何参数

Table 1. Geometric parameters of micro-textured gas film floating ring seal model mm

参数	数值
转子直径$ d $	53.00
浮环内表面直径$ D $	53.20
密封间隙$ h $	0.10
密封环长度$ L $	8.00
密封环高度$ H $	4.50
织构深度$ l $	0.05

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表 2 边界条件

Table 2. Boundary condition

参数	数值及说明
转速/（r/min）	15000～55000
壁面属性	光滑、无滑移
工质	理想空气
湍流模型	标准$ k {\text{-}} \omega $
涡动模型	多频椭圆涡动
涡动频率/Hz	40～320
进口压力/MPa	0.30～0.70
出口压力/MPa	0.10
偏心率	0～0.70

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表 3 密封转子面气流激振力

Table 3. Airflow excitation force on sealing rotor surface

微织构类型	密封径向力F_r/N	密封切向力F_t/N
无微织构	−0.18	−0.1140
月牙形微织构	0.89	0.0066
人字形微织构	1.82	−0.0310
树形微织构	2.31	−0.0255

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