Analysis on service life of metal rubber clamp for natural vibration characteristics of pipe systems
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摘要:
基于弹簧和管单元建立了卡箍-管路系统有限元模型，结合固有频率和频响测试结果验证了模型有效性；进而基于真实装机卡箍样本，考察了服役时长、拧紧力矩、安装偏差对管路系统固有振动特性的影响。管路固有频率随卡箍服役时长增加而降低，在初始服役阶段劣化速率最快，而至
1500 h后趋于平稳；服役时长增加导致卡箍刚度分散性增大；增加螺栓拧紧力矩能提高管路1阶固有频率，但增加服役时长使其对卡箍支撑刚度调节能力减弱；轴向安装偏差对管路1阶固有频率影响较小，但环境载荷对卡箍刚度劣化速率有显著影响。工程实践中应重点关注服役初始阶段卡箍刚度劣化速率及1000 h以上卡箍力学参数分散性对管路固有频率的影响，并依据机匣表面的载荷环境特征制定分区域的金属橡胶卡箍保障策略。Abstract:A finite element model of the clamp-pipe system was established based on the spring and pipe elements, and validated through the test results of natural frequency and frequency response. Furthermore, combined with the actual engine installed clamp samples, the effects of clamp service life, tightening torque and installation deviation on the natural vibration characteristics of the pipe were investigated. The natural frequency of the pipe decreased as the service time of the clamp increased, with the degradation rate being fastest during the initial service stage but stabilizing after
1500 h. The increase of service life led to the growing dispersion of the clamp stiffness. Increasing the bolt tightening torque can increase the first-order natural frequency of the pipe, but the adjustment ability of the clamp support stiffness decreased with the increase of service life. The axial installation deviation had little effect on the first-order natural frequency of the pipe, but the environmental load had a significant effect on the degradation rate of the clamp stiffness. In engineering practice, attention should be paid to the degradation rate of the clamp stiffness at the initial service stage and the influence of the dispersion of clamp mechanical parameters over1000 h on the natural frequency of the pipe. Additionally, protection strategies for the metal rubber clamp in different regions should be formulated according to the load environment characteristics of the casing surface.-
Key words:
- clamp-pipe system /
- service life /
- tightening torque /
- installation deviation /
- natural frequency
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图 5 L型卡箍-管路系统示意图（单位：mm）
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the L-shaped clamp-pipe system （unit：mm）
图 6 前5阶的试验与仿真振型对比
Figure 6. Comparison of the first-five orders vibration mode of measurement and simulation
图 8 金属橡胶卡箍样本与管路固有频率测试系统
Figure 8. Samples and an experimental system for pipe natural frequency test of metal rubber clamp
图 9 服役时长对管路频响函数的影响
Figure 9. Frequency response function of pipe under the influence of service time
图 10 服役时长对管路固有频率的影响
Figure 10. Natural frequency of pipe under the influence of service time
图 11 服役时长对管路1阶固有频率的影响
Figure 11. First-order natural frequency of pipe under the influence of service time
图 12 服役时长对管路前5阶固有频率分散性的影响
Figure 12. The first-five order natural frequencies and sample dispersion of pipe under the influence of service time
图 13 拧紧力矩对管路频响函数的影响
Figure 13. Frequency response function under the influence of tightening torque
图 14 拧紧力矩对管路1阶固有频率的影响
Figure 14. First-order natural frequency of pipe under the influence of tightening torque
图 15 使用场景对于管路固有频率的影响
Figure 15. Natural frequency of pipe under the influence of service environment
图 16 拧紧力矩和使用场景对管路固有频率的耦合影响
Figure 16. Natural frequency of pipe under the coupled influence of tightening torque and service environment
图 17 安装偏差对管路频响函数的影响（新卡箍）
Figure 17. Frequency response function of pipe under the influence of installation deviation （new clamp）
图 18 安装偏差对管路1阶固有频率的影响
Figure 18. First-order natural frequency of pipe under the influence of installation deviation
表 1 L型卡箍-管路系统几何尺寸和材料参数
Table 1. Geometry dimensions and material parameters of the L-shaped clamp-pipe system
参数 数值 参数 数值 弹性模量E/GPa 204 管壁厚t/mm 0.8 泊松比μ 0.3 长边Lc/mm 500 密度ρ/（kg/m3） 7850 短边Ld/mm 400 外径D/mm 8 转弯半径R/mm 24 
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表 2 试验与仿真固有频率结果
Table 2. Measured and simulated natural frequency results
阶次 固有频率/Hz 相对误差/% 试验 仿真 1阶 67.995 67.345 −0.96 2阶 226.95 224.46 −1.10 3阶 389.67 395.07 1.39 4阶 692.13 676.73 −2.23 5阶 751.80 772.65 2.77
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