Effects of particle coincidence errors on CDP cloud measurements in large-scale icing wind tunnel
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摘要:
为明晰大型结冰风洞中颗粒重合误差对CDP云雾测量的影响，基于3 m×2 m结冰风洞，开展了结冰云雾测量试验，考察了不同喷嘴开度和试验段气流速度条件下CDP测量的云雾参数变化特征（包括云雾总颗粒数密度、中值体积直径和液态水含量），分析了颗粒重合误差对CDP测量结果的影响，最后提出了基于平均通过距离的颗粒重合强度定量评估方法。研究结果表明：增大喷嘴开度或降低试验段气流速度均会增大平均通过时间，导致颗粒重合强度增强；在高浓度云雾条件下，显著的颗粒重合误差不仅会改变测量的云雾参数的时间变化特征，而且会改变云雾颗粒尺寸分布形态、大幅降低总颗粒数密度、显著增大中值体积直径和液态水含量，最终导致CDP难以捕捉到真实云雾微物理参数的变化特征；平均通过距离相较于平均通过时间可以更好地表征CDP的颗粒重合强度。
Abstract:To understand the effects of particle coincidence errors on the CDP cloud measurement in the large-scale icing wind tunnel, an icing cloud measurement test was conducted in the CARDC icing wind tunnel. Based on the test, the variation characteristics of CDP-measured cloud microphysical parameters, including total cloud number concentration, medium volume diameter, and liquid water content, were investigated for different nozzle number ratio and test section velocity conditions. Subsequently, the effects of the particle coincidence errors on CDP measurement results were analyzed. Finally, an assessment method of the particle coincidence intensity was presented based on the average transit distance. Results showed that either increasing nozzle number ratio or decreasing test section velocity could extend the average transit time, thereby enhancing the particle coincidence intensity. Under high concentration cloud conditions, significant particle coincidence errors not only changed the time-resolved characteristics of the measured cloud microphysical parameters, but also altered the cloud particle size distribution patterns, drastically reducing the total cloud number concentration, and greatly increasing the medium volume diameter and liquid water content. Consequently, the CDP’s ability to accurately capture the variation characteristics of real cloud microphysical parameters was compromised. The average transit distance can better characterize the particle coincidence intensity of the CDP in comparison with the average transit time.
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图 5 3 m×2 m结冰风洞中典型结冰云雾CDP测量结果
Figure 5. Typical icing cloud results measured by the CDP in the CARDC icing wind tunnel
图 6 主试验段内CCP安装位置示意图（单位：mm）
Figure 6. Schematic of the CCP installation position in the main test section （unit：mm）
图 7 云雾总颗粒数密度（Ctn）测量结果
Figure 7. Measurement results of total cloud particle number concentration （Ctn）
图 9 云雾颗粒数密度（Cn）分布时间变化云图
Figure 9. Time-resolved contours of the cloud particle concentration （Cn） distribution
图 12 平均颗粒质量分布测量结果
Figure 12. Measurement results of the average particle mass distribution
图 13 CDP和LWC-300测量的云雾LWC结果对比（Ctm,CDP和Ctm,HW）
Figure 13. Comparison of cloud LWCs measured by the CDP and LWC-300 （Ctm,CDP and Ctm,HW）
图 14 云雾MVD相对于平均通过距离（lat）的测量结果
Figure 14. Measurement results of the cloud MVD relative to the average transit distance （lat）
表 1 3 m×2 m结冰风洞试验段尺寸参数
Table 1. Test section size parameters for the CARDC icing wind tunnel
试验段 尺寸参数 高度/m 宽度/m 长度/m 收缩比 主试验段 2 3 6.5 14.67 次试验段 3.2 4.8 9 5.73 高速试验段 1.5 2 4.5 29.33 
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表 2 结冰云雾测量试验工况
Table 2. Test conditions for the icing cloud measurement test
工况 H/m tt/℃ VTS/（m/s） RA pw,A/MPa pa,A/MPa t/s B-253 480 1 60 0.5 0.1 0.125 180 B-254 480 1 60 1 0.1 0.125 180 B-255 480 1 80 0.5 0.1 0.125 180 B-256 480 1 80 1 0.1 0.125 180 B-257 480 1 100 0.5 0.1 0.125 180 B-258 480 1 100 1 0.1 0.125 180 B-259 480 1 120 0.5 0.1 0.125 180 B-260 480 1 120 1 0.1 0.125 180
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