Influence of backflow duct on the buzz of two-dimensional hypersonic inlet
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摘要:
探讨了回流通道对二维高超声速进气道喘振的影响，通过非定常数值仿真分析不同回流通道布局方案的作用机制。结果表明：在内收缩段下壁面设置回流通道，通过回流通道出口形成的弱压缩系与膨胀波系使外压缩波向外侧偏移增大溢流，进而缓解气流积蓄，抑制下游反压增长，可显著降低内收缩段区域的压强脉动，但对隔离段的高幅压强脉动的抑制效果有限；而在隔离段下壁面设置回流通道，主要是通过遏止主结尾激波前传，降低隔离段中部区域的高幅压强脉动。双回流通道布局可使整个进气道内的压强脉动显著降低，内收缩段区域和隔离段区域压强脉动方均根值降幅最高分别为43.7%和58.7%。
Abstract:The impact of backflow ducts on buzz in a two-dimensional hypersonic inlet was studied. The influence mechanisms of different backflow duct configurations were analyzed through unsteady numerical simulations. The results indicated that placing a backflow duct on the lower wall of the internal contraction section generated a weak compression system and expansion waves at the outlet, causing the external compression wave to shift outward, which increased spillage and alleviated airflow accumulation. This, in turn, suppressed downstream back-pressure growth and significantly reduced pressure fluctuations in the contraction section. However, the suppression effect on high-amplitude pressure fluctuations in the isolator section was limited. Placing a backflow duct on the lower wall of the isolator primarily curbed the forward movement of the terminal shock, reducing high-amplitude pressure fluctuations in the mid-region of the isolator. The combined layout of both backflow ducts effectively reduced pressure fluctuations throughout the entire inlet, with root mean square values in the contraction and isolator sections decreasing by up to 43.7% and 58.7%, respectively.
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图 8 不同疏密度计算的进气道d3测点压强在一个周期内的振荡曲线
Figure 8. Pressure oscillation curve at inlet d3 measurement point over one cycle for different grid densities
图 9 不同时间步长条件下进气道d3测点压强在一个周期内的振荡曲线
Figure 9. Pressure oscillation curve at inlet d3 measurement point over one cycle under different time step conditions
图 10 实验与仿真下壁面沿程静压对比
Figure 10. Comparison of wall static pressure along the lower wall between experimental and simulation results
图 11 γic=1.4基准构型进气道自起动过程流场马赫数云图
Figure 11. Mach number contour of the flow field during self-starting process of γic=1.4 baseline configuration inlet
图 12 γic=1.4基准构型进气道不同反压下马赫数云图
Figure 12. Mach number contour under different back pressures of γic=1.4 baseline configuration inlet
图 13 γic=1.4基准构型进气道下壁面典型测点在进锥和停锥阶段静压随时间信号变化曲线
Figure 13. Time signal variation curve of static pressure at typical wall measurement points during ingress and egress cone stages of γic=1.4 baseline configuration inlet
图 14 完整喘振周期内γic=1.4基准构型进气道进/出口流量系数φ及出口压强$ {{p}}_{{\mathrm{ex}}} $随时间变化曲线
Figure 14. Time variation curve of flow coefficient φ and outlet pressure $ {{p}}_{{\mathrm{ex}}} $ at inlet/outlet of γic=1.4 baseline configuration inlet over a complete buzz cycle
图 15 完整喘振周期内γic=1.4基准构型进气道上/下壁面典型测点静压随时间变化曲线
Figure 15. Time variation curve of static pressure at typical wall measurement points on upper/lower walls of γic=1.4 baseline configuration inlet over a complete buzz cycle
图 16 完整喘振周期内γic=1.4基准构型进气道典型时刻的马赫数云图和下壁面静压曲线图
Figure 16. Mach number contour and lower wall static pressure curve at typical times of γic=1.4 baseline configuration inlet over a complete buzz cycle
图 17 γic=1.4内收缩段回流通道布局构型进气道自起动过程流场马赫数云图
Figure 17. Mach number contour of the flow field during self-starting process of γic=1.4 internal contraction section backflow duct layout configuration inlet
图 18 γic=1.4内收缩段回流通道布局构型进气道不同反压下马赫数云图
Figure 18. Mach number contour under different back pressures of γic=1.4 internal contraction section backflow duct layout configuration inlet
图 19 完整喘振周期内γic=1.4内收缩段回流通道布局构型进气道进/出口流量系数φ及出口压强$ {{p}}_{{\mathrm{ex}}} $随时间变化曲线
Figure 19. Time variation curve of flow coefficient φ and outlet pressure $ {{p}}_{{\mathrm{ex}}} $ at inlet/outlet of γic=1.4 internal contraction section backflow duct layout configuration inlet over a complete buzz cycle
图 20 完整喘振周期内γic=1.4基准构型与内收缩段回流通道布局构型进气道上壁面典型测点静压随时间变化曲线
Figure 20. Time variation curve of static pressure at typical upper wall measurement points of γic=1.4 baseline configuration and internal contraction section backflow duct layout configuration inlet over a complete buzz cycle
图 21 完整喘振周期内γic=1.4基准构型与内收缩段回流通道布局构型进气道下壁面典型测点静压随时间变化曲线
Figure 21. Time variation curve of static pressure at typical lower wall measurement points of γic=1.4 baseline configuration and internal contraction section backflow duct layout configuration inlet over a complete buzz cycle
图 22 完整喘振周期内γic=1.4内收缩段回流通道布局构型进气道典型时刻的马赫数云图和下壁面静压曲线图
Figure 22. Mach number contour and lower wall static pressure curve at typical times of γic=1.4 internal contraction section backflow duct layout configuration inlet over a complete buzz cycle
图 23 完整喘振周期内γic=1.4内收缩段回流通道喘振 影响示意图
Figure 23. Schematic diagram of buzz control of γic=1.4 internal contraction section backflow duct over a complete buzz cycle
图 24 γic=1.4隔离段回流通道布局构型进气道自起动过程 流场马赫数云图
Figure 24. Mach number contour of the flow field during self-starting process of γic=1.4 isolator section backflow duct layout configuration inlet
图 25 γic=1.4隔离段回流通道布局构型进气道不同反压下 马赫数云图
Figure 25. Mach number contour under different back pressures of γic=1.4 isolator section backflow duct layout configuration inlet
图 26 完整喘振周期内γic=1.4隔离段回流通道布局构型进气道进/出口流量系数φ及出口压强$ {{p}}_{{\mathrm{ex}}} $随时间变化曲线
Figure 26. Time variation curve of flow coefficient φ and outlet pressure $ {{p}}_{{\mathrm{ex}}} $ at inlet/outlet of γic=1.4 isolator section backflow duct layout configuration inlet over a complete buzz cycle
图 27 完整喘振周期内γic=1.4基准构型与隔离段回流通道布局构型进气道上壁面典型测点静压随时间变化曲线
Figure 27. Time variation curve of static pressure at typical upper wall measurement points of γic=1.4 baseline configuration and isolator section backflow duct layout configuration inlet over a complete buzz cycle
图 28 完整喘振周期内γic=1.4基准构型与隔离段回流通道布局构型进气道下壁面典型测点静压随时间变化曲线
Figure 28. Time variation curve of static pressure at typical lower wall measurement points of γic=1.4 baseline configuration and isolator section backflow duct layout configuration inlet over a complete buzz cycle
图 29 完整喘振周期内γic=1.4隔离段回流通道布局构型进气道典型时刻的马赫数云图和下壁面静压曲线图
Figure 29. Mach number contour and lower wall static pressure curve at typical times of γic=1.4 isolator section backflow duct layout configuration inlet over a complete buzz cycle
图 30 完整喘振周期内γic=1.4隔离段回流通道对进气道喘振影响示意图
Figure 30. Schematic diagram of buzz control of γic=1.4 isolator section backflow duct over a complete buzz cycle
图 31 γic=1.4双回流通道布局构型进气道自起动过程 流场马赫数云图
Figure 31. Mach number contour of the flow field during self-starting process of γic=1.4 dual backflow duct layout configuration inlet
图 32 γic=1.4双回流通道布局构型不同反压下马赫数云图
Figure 32. Mach number contour under different back pressures of γic=1.4 dual backflow duct layout configuration inlet
图 33 完整喘振周期内γic=1.4双回流通道布局构型进气道进/出口流量系数φ及出口压强$ {{p}}_{{\mathrm{ex}}} $随时间变化曲线
Figure 33. Time variation curve of flow coefficient φ and outlet pressure $ {{p}}_{{\mathrm{ex}}} $ at inlet/outlet of γic=1.4 dual backflow duct layout configuration inlet over a complete buzz cycle
图 34 完整喘振周期内γic=1.4基准构型与双回流通道布局构型进气道上壁面典型测点静压随时间变化曲线
Figure 34. Time variation curve of static pressure at typical upper wall measurement points of γic=1.4 baseline configuration and dual backflow duct layout configuration inlet over a complete buzz cycle
图 35 完整喘振周期内γic=1.4基准构型与双回流通道布局构型进气道下壁面典型测点静压随时间变化曲线
Figure 35. Time variation curve of static pressure at typical lower wall measurement points of γic=1.4 baseline configuration and dual backflow duct layout configuration inlet over a complete buzz cycle
图 36 完整喘振周期内γic=1.4双回流通道布局构型进气道典型时刻的马赫数云图和下壁面静压曲线图
Figure 36. Mach number contour and lower wall static pressure curve at typical times of γic=1.4 dual backflow duct layout configuration inlet over a complete buzz cycle
表 1 典型测点x方向坐标
Table 1. x-direction coordinate of typical measurement points
典型测点x方向坐标 x/m d1 329.088 d2 420.958 d3 480.958 d4 540.958 u1 320.958 u2 420.958 u3 480.958 u4 540.958 
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表 2 不同疏密度网格P7监测点处振荡频率
Table 2. Oscillation frequency at P7 monitoring point for different grid densities
数据源 主频率/Hz 疏网格 369.34 中等网格 369.12 密网格 368.35 实验数据[28] 360.00
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表 3 不同疏密度网格计算的d3测点处振荡频率
Table 3. Oscillation frequency at d3 measurement point calculated with different grid densities
网格密度 主频率/Hz 疏网格 262.98 中等网格 260.52 密网格 260.92
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表 4 不同时间步d3测点处振荡频率
Table 4. Oscillation frequency at d3 measurement point with different time steps
时间步长 主频率/Hz 10−4 243.77 10−5 260.52 10−6 256.62
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表 5 γic=1.4基准构型进气道的喘振频率和各典型测点的 压强脉动RMS值
Table 5. Buzz frequency and pressure fluctuation RMS values at various typical measurement points of γic=1.4 baseline configuration inlet
参数 数值 f/Hz 260.41 σrms/Pa d1 22.7p0 d2 68.0p0 d3 100.6p0 d4 130.1p0 u1 29.4p0 u2 73.1p0 u3 102.4p0 u4 128.0p0
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表 6 内收缩段回流通道布局构型典型测点压强脉动RMS值及其RMS值降幅
Table 6. Pressure fluctuation RMS values and RMS reduction at typical measurement points of internal contraction section backflow duct layout configuration
典型测点 压强脉动RMS值 压强脉动RMS值降幅/% u1 22.4p0 23.90 d1 17.9p0 21.12 u2 56.5p0 22.72 d2 56.0p0 17.63 u3 88.5p0 13.59 d3 89.2p0 11.37 u4 119.6p0 6.53 d4 118.6p0 8.85
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表 7 隔离段回流通道布局构型典型测点压强脉动RMS值 及其RMS值降幅
Table 7. Pressure fluctuation RMS values and RMS reduction at typical measurement points of isolator section backflow duct layout configuration
典型测点 压强脉动RMS值 压强脉动RMS值降幅/% u1 29.1$ {{p}}_{0} $ 1.01 d1 22.9$ {{p}}_{0} $ −0.75 u2 77.5$ {{p}}_{0} $ −6.04 d2 69.5$ {{p}}_{0} $ −2.13 u3 55.0$ {{p}}_{0} $ 46.30 d3 58.5$ {{p}}_{0} $ 41.83 u4 130.3$ {{p}}_{0} $ −1.84 d4 127.1$ {{p}}_{0} $ 2.30
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表 8 双回流通道布局构型典型测点压强脉动RMS值 及其RMS值降幅
Table 8. Pressure fluctuation RMS values and RMS reduction at typical measurement points of dual backflow duct layout configuration
典型测点 压强脉动RMS值 压强脉动RMS值降幅/% u1 16.5$ {{p}}_{0} $ 43.74 d1 13.2$ {{p}}_{0} $ 41.91 u2 55.3$ {{p}}_{0} $ 24.37 d2 51.5$ {{p}}_{0} $ 24.21 u3 42.28$ {{p}}_{0} $ 58.72 d3 48.46$ {{p}}_{0} $ 51.84 u4 116.2$ {{p}}_{0} $ 9.21 d4 110.6$ {{p}}_{0} $ 14.98
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