Response prediction modeling and experiment study of helicopter tail drive system
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摘要:
针对直升机尾传动系统在实际运行过程中振动响应难预测问题，建立了基于刚柔耦合多体动力学的直升机尾传动系统响应预测模型。搭建尾传动系统模拟试验台，与所提模型预测值进行对比分析论证。结果表明：直升机尾传动系统响应预测模型能体现出和试验数据一致的啮合频率及相应倍频成分，在变转速和变负载工况下，其振动加速度有效值误差在−23.9%～20.6%范围内，对比结果证明提出的振动响应预测方法具有一定的可靠性。研究结果为直升机高安全性服役提供了理论和试验基础。
Abstract:To solve the problem of predicting the vibration response of the helicopter tail drive system during actual operation, a model for predicting the response of the helicopter tail drive system based on rigid-flexible coupled multibody dynamics was established. A simulation test bench of the system was built to analytically compare with the predicted value of the proposed model. The results showed that the response prediction model of the system can reflect the meshing frequency and the octave components consistent with the test data, and the error of the effective value of the vibration acceleration was within the range of −23.9%—20.6% under the conditions of variable rotational speed and variable load, which proved that the reliability of the proposed vibration response prediction method was demonstrated in the comparative results. The results provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the high safety service of helicopters.
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图 2 直升机尾传动系统试验台三维模型
1 电机输入端；2 轴承座；3 中间减速器；4 尾部减速器。
Figure 2. Three-dimensional model of a test bed for the helicopter tail-drive system
图 3 尾传动系统刚柔耦合多体动力学模型
Figure 3. Rigid-flexible coupled multibody dynamics model of the tail-drive system
图 4 尾传动系统刚柔耦合多体动力学建模流程
Figure 4. Rigid-flexible coupling multibody dynamic modeling process of the tail-drive system
图 5 尾传动系统轴段转速曲线
Figure 5. Rotation speed curve of the shaft section of the tail-drive system
图 9 中间减速器动态接触力示意图
Figure 9. Schematic diagram of dynamic contact forces for the intermediate reducer
图 10 直升机尾传动系统试验台
1 驱动电动机；2 轴；3 加速度传感器1；4 加速度传感器2；5 齿轮箱1；6 齿轮箱2；7 磁粉制动器；8 控制柜；9 数据采集卡；10 计算机。
Figure 10. Test bed of the helicopter tail drive system
图 11 转速为
3000 r/min工况下仿真与试验频域图对比Figure 11. Comparison of simulated and experimental frequency-domain plots at speed of
3000 r/min
图 12 转速为
3500 r/min工况下仿真与试验频域图对比Figure 12. Comparison of simulated and experimental frequency-domain plots at speed of
3500 r/min
图 13 转速为
4000 r/min工况下仿真与试验频域图对比Figure 13. Comparison of simulated and experimental frequency-domain plots at speed of
4000 r/min表 1 尾传动系统仿真模型的约束关系
Table 1. Constraint relations for the simulation model of the tail-drive system
对象1 对象2 约束 机匣/轴承座 ground 固定副 角接触球轴承1、2外圈 输入机匣 固定副 角接触球轴承1、2内圈 输入轴 固定副 花键 传动轴 固定副 叠片联轴器 传动轴 固定副 叠片联轴器 花键 固定副 深沟球轴承内圈 叠片联轴器 固定副 深沟球轴承外圈 轴承座 固定副 套筒 中间减速器机匣 固定副 角接触球轴承3、4、5、6外圈 套筒 固定副 角接触球轴承3、4、5、6内圈 轴 固定副 弧齿锥齿轮 轴 固定副 输入轴 ground 旋转副/驱动 轴承内圈 轴承外圈 旋转副 弧齿锥齿轮 弧齿锥齿轮 接触力 输出轴 尾部减速器机匣 旋转副 
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表 2 测试系统详细参数
Table 2. Detailed parameters of the test system
品牌 名称 型号 技术参数 美国
NI公司信号采集卡 NI 9234
cDAQ-9188
LabVIEW 20188通道同步
最高采样频率：
50 kHz信号采集箱 多通道振动
检测分析系统美国
PCB公司振动加速度
传感器PC608A11 灵敏度：100 mV/g
频率范围：
0.5～10 kHz
量程：±50 g
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表 3 不同工况下的仿真和试验频域啮合幅值对比
Table 3. Comparison of simulated and experimental meshing frequency amplitudes under different operating conditions
转速/（r/min） 方位 加速度幅值/（m/s2） 误差/% 试验（fGMF） 仿真（fGMF） 试验（2fGMF） 仿真（2fGMF） fGMF 2fGMF 3000 水平 14.54 12.14 15.01 23.15 16.5 −54.2 垂直 16.48 17.85 9.13 11.06 −8.3 −21.1 3500 水平 15.14 18.25 12.01 16.24 −20.5 −35.2 垂直 15.34 17.36 10.12 15.11 −13.2 −49.3 4000 水平 21.05 26.23 15.24 15.3 −24.6 −0.4 垂直 14.15 16.21 14.04 15.98 −14.6 −13.8
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表 4 在
4000 r/min下不同负载的仿真和试验加速度有效值对比Table 4. Comparison of simulated and experimental RMS values of the acceleration for different loads at
4000 r/min输入扭矩/（N·m） 测点方位 加速度幅值/（m/s²） 有效值误差/% 测试值 仿真值 0 中减水平 42.77 51.59 20.6 中减垂直 55.41 43.93 −20.7 轴承座水平 32.76 37.58 14.7 轴承座垂直 34.19 28.66 −16.2 5 中减水平 43.80 52.26 19.3 中减垂直 55.87 45.38 −18.8 轴承座水平 33.22 39.52 19.0 轴承座垂直 34.12 28.93 −15.2 10 中减水平 44.37 53.10 19.7 中减垂直 56.64 46.29 −18.3 轴承座水平 33.60 39.08 16.3 轴承座垂直 34.86 29.88 −14.3 15 中减水平 47.86 56.33 17.7 中减垂直 58.12 52.90 −9.0 轴承座水平 34.20 38.93 13.8 轴承座垂直 35.60 29.61 −16.8 20 中减水平 48.85 57.79 18.3 中减垂直 58.03 53.03 −8.6 轴承座水平 34.49 39.56 14.7 轴承座垂直 36.51 29.90 −18.1
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表 5 在20 N·m下不同输入转速仿真和试验加速度有效值对比
Table 5. Comparison of simulated and experimental RMS values of the acceleration for different input speeds at 20 N·m
输入转速/（r/min） 测点方位 加速度幅值/（m/s²） 有效值误差/% 测试值 仿真值 2000 中减水平 25.04 25.58 2.1 中减垂直 20.79 22.68 9.1 轴承座水平 15.67 18.52 18.2 轴承座垂直 13.00 9.89 −23.9 2500 中减水平 34.83 31.88 −8.5 中减垂直 29.64 28.84 −2.7 轴承座水平 18.80 22.39 19.1 轴承座垂直 17.72 14.40 −18.8 3000 中减水平 35.02 41.20 17.6 中减垂直 35.82 37.96 6.0 轴承座水平 19.98 23.67 18.5 轴承座垂直 19.87 15.22 −23.4 3500 中减水平 43.86 46.20 5.3 中减垂直 44.63 46.92 5.1 轴承座水平 23.13 27.30 18.0 轴承座垂直 22.13 18.28 −17.4 4000 中减水平 48.85 57.32 17.3 中减垂直 58.03 54.01 −6.9 轴承座水平 34.49 39.28 13.9 轴承座垂直 36.51 30.16 −17.4
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