Bag breakup process and dynamical analysis of liquid jets in crossflow from dual perspectives
-
摘要:
采用高速摄像结合背光法对横向气流中不同视角下的袋式破碎过程进行可视化试验研究。气体韦伯数在5.5～50、射流动量比在20～60的范围内变化。试验分析了袋的形成和破碎以及气动条件对其的影响，结果表明：展向图像上气体韦伯数影响破碎模式；射流动量比越大袋的生成数量越多；袋的触发长度与射流动量比和液体雷诺数组成的无量纲数呈线性关系，袋的触发时间为常数；袋的破碎长度和时间均与韦伯数呈线性关系，并提出了适合非湍流条件下袋式破碎相关特征量的经验关系式；最后通过适当正交分解对流向和展向的袋式破碎不稳定性和特殊结构进行了定性分析，观察到了射流振荡和射流分叉现象，并占主导能量；展向图像上袋环与袋体的快速傅里叶变换（FFT）频率比值在1.5～1.6之间波动；从模态图上可以看出射流动量比的增加会使得袋式结构变得复杂。
Abstract:Experimental study on visualization of bag breakup process under different viewpoints in transverse airflow was conducted using high-speed camera combined with backlighting method. The gas Weber number varied within the range of 5.5—50 and the liquid-to-air momentum flux ratio varied within the range of 20—60. In the tests, the formation and breakup of bags and the effect of aerodynamic conditions on them were analyzed. It was found that in the spreading images, the Weber number of the gas affected the breakup mode; the number of bags generated increased with the increase of the jet flow ratio, the onset length of the bag was linearly related to the dimensionless number consisting of the injection volume ratio and the Reynolds number of the liquid, and the onset time of the bag was a constant; the breakup length and time of the bag were both linearly related to the Weber number, and empirical relations for the characteristic quantities associated with bag breakup in non-turbulent flows were proposed. Finally, the bag breakup instability and the special structure of the flowing and spreading directions were qualitatively analyzed by proper orthogonal decomposition. The results showed that the special phenomenon of jet splitting was observed on the spreading image and dominate the energy; the fast Fourier transform (FFT) frequency ratio of the occurrence of the spreading upward bag ring to the body of the bag fluctuated between 1.5—1.6; and the increase of the liquid-to-air momentum flux ratio made the bag structure complicated.
-
图 4 展向方向上袋结构生成过程
Figure 4. Bag structure generation process in the spreading direction
图 6 展向上不同韦伯数下的喷雾图像瞬时图（q=20）
Figure 6. Transient spray images at different Weber numbers in the spreading direction （q=20）
图 7 展向上不同射流动量比下的喷雾图像瞬时图（Weg=8）
Figure 7. Transient spray images at different liquid-to-air momentum flux ratio in the spreading direction（Weg=8）
图 9 袋的触发长度与无量纲参数$ \mathrm{ln} （q/Re_{\mathrm{j}}） $的关系
Figure 9. Bag onset length as a function of $ \mathrm{ln} （q/Re\mathrm{_j}） $
图 10 袋的触发时间与无量纲参数$ \mathrm{ln} （q/{Re}_{\mathrm{j}}） $的关系
Figure 10. Bag onset time as a function of $ \mathrm{ln} （q/{Re}_{\mathrm{j}}） $
图 11 袋的破碎长度与气体韦伯数的关系
Figure 11. Bag breakup length as a function of crossflow Weber number
图 12 流向上不同工况下模态能量占比图（Weg=8）
Figure 12. Diagram of the proportion of modal energy under different working conditions in the flow direction （Weg=8）
图 13 Weg=8, q=20流向方向上POD分析图
Figure 13. POD analysis plots in the flow direction at Weg=8, q=20
图 14 Weg=8, q=40流向方向上POD分析图
Figure 14. POD analysis plots in the flow direction at Weg=8, q=40
图 15 Weg=8, q=60流向方向上POD分析图
Figure 15. POD analysis plots in the flow direction at Weg=8, q=60
图 16 Weg=8、q=20～60时FFT分析频率图（流向）
Figure 16. Frequency plots of FFT analysis for Weg=8 and q=20—60 （the flow direction）
图 17 展向上不同工况下模态能量占比图
Figure 17. Diagram of the proportion of modal energy under different working conditions in the spreading direction
图 18 Weg=8, q=20展向方向上POD分析图
Figure 18. POD analysis plots in the spreading direction at Weg=8, q=20
图 19 Weg=8, q=40展向方向上POD分析图
Figure 19. POD analysis plots in the spreading direction at Weg=8, q=40
图 20 Weg=8, q=60展向方向上POD分析图
Figure 20. POD analysis plots in the spreading direction at Weg=8, q=60
图 21 Weg=8, q=20～60时FFT分析频率图（展向）
Figure 21. Frequency plots of FFT analysis for Weg=8 and q=20—60 （the spreading direction）
表 1 试验工况表
Table 1. Test working conditions table
工况 ug/（m/s） vj/（m/s） q Weg 1 18.70 2.80 20 5.50 2 18.70 4.03 40 5.50 3 18.70 4.88 60 5.50 4 22.26 3.42 20 8 5 22.26 4.85 40 8 6 22.26 5.87 60 8 7 25.06 3.79 20 10 8 25.06 5.38 40 10 9 25.06 6.58 60 10 10 32.43 4.81 20 16 11 32.43 6.86 40 16 12 32.43 8.39 60 16 13 42.99 6.69 20 30 14 42.99 9.40 40 30 15 42.99 11.43 60 30 16 55.45 8.49 20 50 17 55.45 12.03 40 50 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 误差项分析表
Table 2. Error term analysis table
% 误差项 数值 ΔT/T −0.8～1.2 Δp/p 1.1～1.7 $ {\mathrm{\Delta }u}_{\mathrm{g}} $/$ {u}_{\mathrm{g}} $ −0.27～0.36 $ {\mathrm{\Delta }v}_{\mathrm{j}} $/$ {v}_{\mathrm{j}} $ −2.3～1.1 $ \mathrm{\Delta }{l}_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{t}} $/$ {l}_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{t}} $ −3.2～5.2 $ \mathrm{\Delta }{t}_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{t}} $/$ {t}_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{t}} $ −2～4.3 $ \mathrm{\Delta }{l}_{\mathrm{b}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{g}} $/$ {l}_{\mathrm{b}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{g}} $ −3.5～4.8 $ \mathrm{\Delta }{t}_{\mathrm{b}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{g}} $/$ {t}_{\mathrm{b}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{g}} $ −2.3～4.1
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 袋体和袋环的信号频率（Weg=8）
Table 3. Signal frequency of the bag body and bag ring （Weg=8）
工况 频率/Hz 比值 展向袋环结构 展向袋体结构 q=20 1465 966 1.52 q=40 1992 1259 1.58 q=60 1875 1171 1.60
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] EBRAHIMI H. Overview of gas turbine augmentor design, operation, and combustion oscillation: AIAA-2006-4916 [R]. Reston, US: AIAA, 2006. [2] WU Peikuan, KIRKENDALL K A, FULLER R P, et al. Spray structures of liquid jets atomized in subsonic crossflows[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 1998, 14(2): 173-182. doi: 10.2514/2.5283 [3] BECKER J, HASSA C. Breakup and atomization of a kerosene jet in crossflowat elevated pressure[J]. Atomization and Sprays, 2002, 12(1/2/3): 49-68. [4] TAMBE S, JENG S M, MONGIA H, et al. Liquid jets in subsonic crossflow: AIAA-2005-0731 [R]. Reston, US: AIAA, 2005. [5] WU Peikuan, KIRKENDALL K A, FULLER R P, et al. Breakup processes of liquid jets in subsonic crossflows[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 1997, 13(1): 64-73. doi: 10.2514/2.5151 [6] SALLAM K, AALBURG C, FAETH G. Primary breakup of round nonturbulent liquid jets in gaseous crossflows: AIAA-2003-1326 [R]. Reston, US: AIAA, 2003. [7] MAZALLON J, DAI Z, FAETH G. Aerodynamic primary breakup at the surface of nonturbulent round liquid jets in crossflow: AIAA-1998-0716 [R]. Reston, US: AIAA, 1998. [8] 王雄辉, 黄勇, 王方, 等. 横向气流中液体射流袋式破碎机理[J]. 推进技术, 2012, 33(2): 198-204. WANG Xionghui, HUANG Yong, WANG Fang, et al. Bag breakup of round liquid jets in crossflow[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2012, 33(2): 198-204. (in ChineseWANG Xionghui, HUANG Yong, WANG Fang, et al. Bag breakup of round liquid jets in crossflow[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2012, 33(2): 198-204. (in Chinese) [9] WANG Xionghui, HUANG Yong, WANG Shaolin, et al. Bag breakup of turbulent liquid jets in crossflows[J]. AIAA Journal, 2012, 50(6): 1360-1366. doi: 10.2514/1.J051451 [10] BERKOOZ G, HOLMES P, LUMLEY J L. The proper orthogonal decomposition in the analysis of turbulent flows[J]. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 1993, 25: 539-575. [11] MEYER K E, PEDERSEN J M, ÖZCAN O. A turbulent jet in crossflow analyzed with proper orthogonal decomposition[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2007, 583: 199-227. doi: 10.1017/S0022112007006143 [12] BIDAN G, VÉZIER C, NIKITOPOULOS D E. Study of unforced and modulated film-cooling jets using proper orthogonal decomposition: Part Ⅱ forced jets[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2013, 135(2): 021038. doi: 10.1115/1.4006600 [13] SINHA A, RAVIKRISHNA R V. Experimental studies on structure of airblast spray in crossflow[J]. Sādhanā, 2019, 44(5): 113. [14] ARIENTI M, SOTERIOU M C. Time-resolved proper orthogonal decomposition of liquid jet dynamics[J]. Physics of Fluids, 2009, 21(11): 1-15. [15] SALAUDDIN S, FLORES W, OTERO M, et al. Modal analysis of breakup mechanisms for a liquid jet in crossflow[J]. Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 2022, 144(3): 032103. doi: 10.1115/1.4052859 [16] SINHA A. Effect of injector geometry in breakup of liquid jet in crossflow-insights from POD[J]. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2023, 167: 104497. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2023.104497 [17] LI Xiaoyi, GAO Hui, SOTERIOU M C. Investigation of the impact of high liquid viscosity on jet atomization in crossflow via high-fidelity simulations[J]. Physics of Fluids, 2017, 29(8): 082103. doi: 10.1063/1.4996178 [18] HASHEMI M, SHALBAF S, JADIDI M, et al. Effects of gas viscosity and liquid-to-gas density ratio on liquid jet atomization in crossflow[J]. AIP Advances, 2023, 13(3): 035105. doi: 10.1063/5.0129696 [19] NICHOLLS J A, RANGER A A. Aerodynamic shattering of liquid drops[J]. AIAA Journal, 1969, 7(2): 285-290. doi: 10.2514/3.5087 [20] CHOU W H, HSIANG L P, FAETH G, et al. Dynamics of drop deformation and formation during secondary breakup in the bag breakup regime: AIAA1997-797 [R]. Reston, US: AIAA, 1997. -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 467
- HTML浏览量: 273
- PDF量: 31
- 被引次数: 0