Numerical study on breakup, evaporation, and combustion characteristics of kerosene droplets under detonation waves
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摘要:
利用VOF（流体体积法）多相流模型和RNG（重整化群）
k -ε 湍流模型，通过数值模拟方法研究了不同初始压力（20、30、40 kPa）和当量比（0.8～1.2）下，爆震波对煤油液滴破碎、蒸发及火焰形态的影响。结果表明：RP-3煤油液滴在爆震波作用下的破碎行为根据液滴形态特征，主要分为褶皱期、挤压期、发展期和后期这4个阶段。液滴蒸发特性受韦伯数的影响较小，拟合出液滴迎风面位移S 与We 的线性关系式，液相质量百分比在破碎形态稳定前保持在41%～56%范围。液相蒸发速率随时间先增大再缓慢下降。随着韦伯数的增大，液滴迎风面位移量的增大速率减小，扁平化速率加快，液滴燃烧过程中的“钳形”火焰变得更紧凑且卷吸更深，旋流火焰的尺寸和弯曲度也逐渐增加，而不规则的全包火焰形态更加复杂。Abstract:Numerical investigation was conducted with VOF (volume of fluid) multiphase flow model and RNG (re-normalization group)
k -ε turbulence model to explore the effects of detonation waves on the breakup, evaporation, and combustion characteristics of RP-3 kerosene droplets. Through adjusting the initial pressures (20, 30, 40 kPa) under different equivalence ratios (0.8 to 1.2), the evolution of the droplet breakup morphology, characteristics of evaporation, and flame shape were obtained. The results indicated that, under the detonation wave, the main stages of the evolution of RP-3 kerosene droplet breakup can be categorized into the wrinkling, squeezing, development, and the stable period according to the characteristics of the droplet morphology. The evaporation characteristics of the droplet were relatively less influenced by the Weber number, the linear relationship between windward displacementS andWe was fitted, with the liquid phase mass fraction remaining within the range of 41% to 56% before the break-up morphological profile was stabilized. The liquid-phase evaporation rate increased over time and then gradually decreased. As the Weber number increased, the rate of displacement growth on the windward side of the droplet decreased, while the rate of flattening accelerated. During the combustion process, the "pinch" flame became more compact and penetrated deeper. The size and curvature of the swirling flame also gradually increased, and irregular fully enveloping flame shapes became more complex.-
Key words:
- detonation wave /
- Weber number /
- RP-3 kerosene /
- droplet breakup /
- flame morphology
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图 1 二维数值模拟计算模型图
Figure 1. Two-dimensional numerical simulation computational model diagram
图 2 二维数值模拟计算的网格图
Figure 2. Two-dimensional numerical simulation computational grid diagram
图 3 不同网格尺寸爆震波作用液滴的波速变化
Figure 3. Velocity changes of detonation waves acting on droplets under different mesh sizes
图 5 不同工况下的激波波后气流速度
Figure 5. Shock wave velocity behind shock waves under different working conditions
图 7 初始压力为40 kPa下不同当量比的爆震波对煤油液滴的破碎演化过程
Figure 7. Fragmentation and evolution of kerosene droplets at initial pressure of 40 kPa under different equivalence ratios
图 8 当量比Φ=1下不同初始压力的爆震波对煤油液滴的破碎演化过程
Figure 8. Fragmentation and evolution of kerosene droplets at an equivalence ratio of 1 under different initial pressures
图 9 爆震波作用下液滴破碎过程的动力学原理示意图
Figure 9. Dynamic principle diagram of droplet fragmentation process under detonation wave
图 10 液滴相关物理参数示意图
Figure 10. Schematic diagram of physical parameters related to droplets
图 11 不同工况下液滴迎风面的位移量S随时间的变化
Figure 11. Temporal variation of droplet windward displacement S in different working conditions
图 12 液滴破碎后期S与We的模拟结果及线性拟合
Figure 12. Simulation results and linear fitting of S and We in the later stage of droplet fragmentation
图 13 不同工况下无量纲液滴扁平直径D随时间的变化
Figure 13. Dimensionless diameter D of droplets flattened by windward evolution over time in different working conditions
图 14 不同工况下液滴液相质量百分比m随时间变化
Figure 14. Temporal evolution of liquid phase mass fraction m of droplets in different working conditions
图 15 当量比为1时不同初始压力下煤油液滴经爆震波作用后的数值纹影火焰形态
Figure 15. Numerical Schlieren flame morphology of kerosene droplets subjected to detonation wave effects at an equivalence ratio of 1 under different initial pressures
图 16 液滴破碎挤压期的速度矢量
Figure 16. Surrounding velocity vector field during the squeeze and fragmentation phase of droplet breakup
图 17 初始压力为40 kPa时不同当量比下煤油液滴经爆震波作用后的火焰形态数值纹影
Figure 17. Numerical Schlieren flame morphology of kerosene droplets subjected to detonation wave effects at initial pressure of 40 kPa and different equivalence
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