A stall warning method based on fuzzy approximate entropy for a contra-rotating compressor with variable speed ratio
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摘要:
以一台低速大尺寸轴流对转压气机为对象，利用布置在前/后转子叶顶的高频动态压力传感器阵列捕捉其在不同工况下的叶顶流动特征。通过利用模糊近似熵算法对低通滤波后的压力时间子序列分析，结果显示：随着质量流量系数减小，模糊近似熵值逐渐增大，表明转子叶顶流场逐渐复杂；当失速发生时，模糊近似熵值急剧下降。通过分析失速前/后压力时间序列频谱，发现失速扰动沿周向的传播使得动态压力信号的确定性成分大幅增加，因此失速发生时的模糊近似熵值更小。针对失速发生时熵值急剧下降的现象设置失速阈值，在转速比为0.857、1.0和1.125时分别取得了15转、14转及26转的失速预警时间。最后分析了模糊近似熵算法中关键参数的选取对结果的影响，发现参数值大小会改变信号重构向量之间相似度评估标准，但对失速发生时熵值急剧下降的现象并无影响。
Abstract:Taking a low-speed and large-scale axial contra-rotating compressor as a research object, a high frequency dynamic pressure sensor array arranged at the tip of the front and rear rotors was employed to capture the flow features at different working conditions. The low-pass filtered pressure time subsequences were analyzed using the fuzzy approximate entropy algorithm. The results showed that the fuzzy approximate entropy value gradually increased as the flow coefficient decreased, indicating that the flow field at the tip of the rotor became progressively more complex. When stall occurred, there was a sharp decrease in the fuzzy approximate entropy value. It was found that the existence of the stall propagation frequency increased the deterministic component of the signal by comparing the spectrum of the dynamic pressure time series before and after the stall, which resulted in a smaller entropy value when stall occurred. By setting a stall threshold in response to the sharp decrease in entropy when stall occurred, stall warning time of 15, 14 and 26 revolutions were obtained at speed ratio equal to 0.857, 1.0 and 1.125, respectively. Finally, the effects of key parameters on the fuzzy approximate entropy results were analyzed. It was found that the parameters changed the criteria for assessing the similarity between the reconstruction vectors. However, a sharp decrease in entropy was observed in all cases when stall occurred.
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图 1 对转压气机试验台的总体布局
1 电动机；2 编码器；3 联轴器；4 测扭仪；5 动态压カ传感器；6 电磁阀；7 节流锥。
Figure 1. Overall layout of the contra-rotating compressor test bench
图 3 压气机出口面积堵塞比随节流锥轴向位置变化曲线
Figure 3. Curve of compressor discharge throttle ratio to the axial position of the throttle cone
图 4 不同转速比下对转压气机特性曲线
Figure 4. Characteristic curves of contra-rotating compressor with different speed ratios
图 6 失速工况转子叶顶压力波 （Rr= 0.857）
Figure 6. Pressure wave of rotor tip at stall condition （Rr=0.857）
图 7 不同节流锥轴向位置对应模糊近似熵值
Figure 7. Fuzzy approximate entropy of different throttle cone axial position
图 8 Rr=0.857时失速工况动态压力波及模糊近似熵值
Figure 8. Dynamic pressure wave and fuzzy approximate entropy under stall condition at Rr=0.857
图 11 不同转速比下基于模糊近似熵值的失速预警结果
Figure 11. Fuzzy approximate entropy-based stall warning results for different speed ratios
图 12 关键参数对模糊近似熵值结果的影响
Figure 12. Effect of key parameters on fuzzy approximate entropy results
表 1 低速轴流对转压气机主要几何结构参数
Table 1. Geometrical parameters of the low speed axial contra-rotating compressor
参数 数值 IGV数量 19 R1叶片数 21 R2叶片数 21 R1设计转速/（r/min） − 2400 R2设计转速/（r/min） 2400 轮毂比 0.82 机匣直径/mm 780 叶顶间隙/mm 0.5 设计点质量流量/（kg/s） 6.4 设计点静压升/kPa 7.0 
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