高初始压力下脉冲爆震发动机工作特性的实验研究

马鹏飞; 冯再杰; 张浩天; 雷庆春; 王可; 陈爽; 范玮

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240422

高初始压力下脉冲爆震发动机工作特性的实验研究

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240422

马鹏飞^{1, 2,},
冯再杰¹,
张浩天¹,
雷庆春¹,
王可¹,
陈爽³,
范玮^1,*, ,

1.
西北工业大学动力与能源学院，西安 710072
2.
西安航空学院飞行器学院，西安 710077
3.
中国空气动力研究与发展中心设备设计与测试技术研究所，四川绵阳 621000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52176133）；中央高校基本科研业务费（D5000220216）；装备试验鉴定技术研究项目（2100070017）

详细信息

作者简介:
马鹏飞（1990-），男，讲师，博士生，研究领域为爆震燃烧及爆震推进。E-mail：pengfeima12@163.com

通讯作者:
范玮（1966-），女，教授，博士，研究领域为爆震燃烧及爆震推进。E-mail：weifan419@nwpu.edu.cn

中图分类号: V231.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-06-27
- 网络出版日期: 2026-01-24

Experimental research on operating characteristics of pulse detonation engine at elevated initial pressure

1.
School of Power and Energy，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 710072，China
2.
School of Aircraft Engineering，Xihang University，Xi’an 710077，China
3.
Facility Design and Instrumentation Institute，China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center，Mianyang Sichuan 621000，China

摘要

摘要:
为研究脉冲爆震发动机燃烧室中高初始压力对爆震波起爆和传播特性的影响，并进一步探索高初始压力下高频爆震的稳定传播特性，在10 mm内径爆震管中，以乙烯为燃料，40%的富氧空气为氧化剂，进行了实验研究。通过采用不同收缩比的喷管，在爆震燃烧室中成功实现了初始高压力的条件，最高获得0.68 MPa的初始压力。结果表明：喷管收缩比增大，供给压力增大，均会提高燃烧室的初始压力；随着收缩比的增大，初始压力升高，缓燃到爆震的转变（deflagration to detonation transition， DDT）距离先减小后增加，在收缩比2.04时达到最小值；收缩比小于2.04时，爆震波峰值压力随初始压力线性增加，初始压力提高，稳定爆震频率范围扩大，但爆震波峰值压力波动增加；收缩比大于2.04时，初始压力升高会导致稳定爆震模态转变为不稳定爆震模态。
- 脉冲爆震 /
- 缓燃向爆震转变（DDT） /
- 初始压力 /
- 收缩比 /
- 爆震波压力
Abstract:
To investigate the effect of high initial pressure on the initiation and propagation characteristics of detonation waves in pulse detonation engines, and to further explore the stability propagation characteristics of detonation with high-frequency, experimental studies were conducted in a 10mm inner diameter detonation tube with ethylene as fuel and oxygen-enriched air (40% by volume) as oxidizer. The initial high-pressure conditions were successfully achieved in the detonation combustion using different contraction ratios, with a maximum initial pressure of 0.68 MPa obtained. The results show that an increase in contraction ratio and supply pressure, will increase the initial pressure of the combustion. As the contraction ratio increases, the initial pressure increases, and the DDT distance first decreases and then increase, reaching a minimum value at the contraction ratio of 2.04. When the contraction ratio is less than 2.04, the peak pressure of the detonation wave increases linearly with the initial pressure. As the initial pressure increases, the range of stable detonation frequency broaden, but the peak pressure fluctuations of detonation wave increases. When the contraction ratio exceeds 2.04, an increase in initial pressure will cause the stable detonation mode to change to the unstable detonation mode.
- pulse detonation /
- deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) /
- initial pressure /
- contraction ratio /
- detonation wave pressure

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图 1 实验系统示意图

Figure 1. Schematic of the experimental system

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图 2 爆震管示意图（单位：mm）

Figure 2. Schematic of the detonation tube （unit：mm）

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图 3 喷管示意图（单位：mm）

Figure 3. Schematic of the nozzle （unit：mm）

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图 4 压阻传感器信号和点火信号

Figure 4. Piezoresistive sensor and ignition signals

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图 5 不同供给压力下爆震室中的初始压力

Figure 5. Initial pressure in the detonation chamber at different supply pressures

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图 6 爆震燃烧室初始相对压力的变化

Figure 6. Variation of the initial relative pressures in the detonation combustion

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图 7 单个爆震循环反应物填充过程

Figure 7. Reactant filling process within a single detonation cycle.

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图 8 频率为10 Hz下不同初始压力下燃烧波峰值压力（p_o=0.42 MPa, p_f=0.5 MPa）

Figure 8. Average peak pressure under different initial pressure with the frequency of 10 Hz （p_o=0.42 MPa, p_f=0.5 MPa）

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图 9 不同喷管下爆震波起爆概率和起爆距离

Figure 9. Initiation probability and distance of detonation wave under different nozzles

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图 10 相较于直管的归一化初始压力与爆震波压力

Figure 10. Normalized initial pressure and detonation wave pressure compared with a straight tube

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图 11 爆震波压力与初始压力的关系

Figure 11. Relationship between detonation wave pressure and initial pressure

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图 12 不同频率下爆震波压力与初始压力的比值

Figure 12. Ratio of detonation wave pressure to initial pressure at different frequencies

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图 13 收缩比为2.04时不同初始压力下的压力波形图

Figure 13. Pressure profiles under different initial pressures with a contraction ratio of 2.04

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图 14 不同初始压力下频率为60 Hz的峰值压力

Figure 14. Peak pressures at different initial pressure for 60 Hz

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图 15 初始压力为0.287 MPa下峰值压力正态分布

Figure 15. Peak pressure normal distribution at an initial pressure of 0.287 MPa

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图 16 收缩比为2.04时100 Hz下p₃的压力波形图

Figure 16. Pressure profiles measured by p₃ at a frequency of 100 Hz with a contraction ratio of 2.04

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图 17 不同燃烧模态下p₃的压力波形

Figure 17. Pressure profiles of p₃ in different combustion modes

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图 18 不同初始压力对应的燃烧模态

Figure 18. Combustion mode at different initial pressures

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表 1 喷管出口直径与收缩比

Table 1. Inner diameter of nozzle outlet and contraction ratio

D₂/mm	收缩比（C）
10	1.0
9	1.23
8	1.56
7	2.04
6	2.78
5	4.0

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表 2 燃料与氧化剂供给压力示意表

Table 2. Supply pressure of fuel and oxidizer

供给工况	供给压力/MPa
供给工况	Case 1	Case 2	Case 3	Case 4
氧化剂	0.42	0.62	0.82	1.02
燃料	0.5	0.7	0.9	1.1

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表 3 爆震波峰值压力标准差示意表

Table 3. Detonation peak pressures standard deviation

收缩比	频率/Hz	初始压力/MPa	p₄平均峰值压力/MPa	标准差/ MPa
2.04	40	0.224	8.37	1.03
		0.333	10.12	1.15
		0.449	14.40	1.16
	80	0.235	7.77	0.88
		0.329	10.80	1.09
		0.379	11.26	1.49
1.56	60	0.141	6.35	0.38
		0.247	7.86	0.66
		0.322	10.19	0.77
	80	0.204	6.48	0.48
		0.274	8.87	0.62
		0.312	9.74	1.03

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