可持续航空燃料对喷嘴雾化特性和燃烧室性能的影响

郑剑文; 万卜铭; 曾琦; 江立军; 邬俊; 张险; 卢克乾

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240427

可持续航空燃料对喷嘴雾化特性和燃烧室性能的影响

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240427

中国航发湖南动力机械研究所，湖南株洲 412002

基金项目: 民用飞机专项科研（MJG2-4N22）

详细信息

作者简介:
郑剑文（1989-），男，高级工程师，硕士，主要从事航空发动机燃烧室设计

通讯作者:
曾琦（1988-），女，研究员，博士，主要从事航空发动机燃烧室设计。E-mail：598630892@qq.com

中图分类号: V231.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-06-27
- 网络出版日期: 2024-09-05

Effects of sustainable aviation fuel on nozzle atomization characteristics and combustor performances

Hunan Aviation Powerplant Research Institute，Aero Engine Corporation of China，Zhuzhou Hunan 412002，China

摘要

摘要:
为研究可持续航空燃料（SAF）对喷嘴雾化特性和燃烧室性能的影响，开展了SAF和航空煤油RP-3的燃油雾化试验以及基于全环回流燃烧室的燃烧性能试验。结果表明：与RP-3相比，相同供油压差下SAF的质量流量、喷雾锥角略小，索太尔平均直径略大；SAF的地面常温状态点火边界较RP-3窄33%以上、点火时间较RP-3长1.8～2 s，地面慢车贫油熄火性能较RP-3下降约17%；SAF的燃烧室出口平均温度略高于RP-3，出口温度分布与RP-3基本一致，燃烧效率、出口温度分布系数和出口径向温度分布系数与RP-3相当。在研究范围内，SAF与RP-3的喷嘴雾化特性、燃烧室稳态性能差异不明显，主要差异在于SAF的点熄火性能较RP-3差。
- 可持续航空燃料 /
- 雾化特性 /
- 点火特性 /
- 贫油熄火特性 /
- 出口温度分布 /
- 燃烧室性能
Abstract:
In order to understand the effects of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) on nozzle atomization characteristics and combustor performances, fuel atomization tests were conducted on SAF and aviation kerosene RP-3, as well as combustion performance tests based on annual reverse-flow combustor. The test results indicated that compared with RP-3, under the same fuel supply pressure difference, the mass flow rate and spray cone angle of SAF were slightly smaller, and the Sauter mean diameter was slightly larger. At normal ground temperature, the ignition boundary of SAF was more than 33% narrower than RP-3, and the ignition time was 1.8—2 s longer than RP-3. The ground idle lean blow-out performances of SAF decreased by about 17% compared with RP-3. The exit average temperature of the combustor for SAF was slightly higher than RP-3. The exit temperature distribution of both SAF and RP-3 was essentially the same, with comparable combustion efficiency, overall temperature distribution factor and radial temperature distribution factor. Within the scope of the study, the differences in atomization characteristics and steady-state combustion performances between SAF and RP-3 were not significant. The main differences lied in the poorer ignition and lean blow-out performances of SAF compared with RP-3.
- sustainable aviation fuel /
- atomization characteristics /
- ignition characteristics /
- lean blow-out characteristics /
- exit temperature distribution /
- combustor performances

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图 1 燃油雾化试验系统示意图

Figure 1. Schematic of fuel atomization test system

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图 2 燃烧试验系统示意图

1、2、3 阀门；4、6 标准流量喷嘴；5 电加温器；7 燃烧室试验件；8 蝶阀；9 换热器；10 消声塔。

Figure 2. Schematic of combustion test system

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图 3 全环回流燃烧室试验件示意图

Figure 3. Schematic of annual reverse-flow combustor test piece

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图 4 不同供油压差下的喷嘴质量流量对比

Figure 4. Comparison of nozzle mass flow rate at different fuel supply pressure differentials

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图 5 不同供油压差下的喷雾锥角对比

Figure 5. Comparison of atomization cone angle at different fuel supply pressure differentials

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图 6 不同供油压差下的SMD对比

Figure 6. Comparison of SMD at different fuel supply pressure differentials

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图 7 两种燃料的点火边界对比

Figure 7. Comparison of ignition boundary between two fuels

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图 8 两种燃料相同流量下的点火时间对比

Figure 8. Comparison of ignition time for two fuels with the same mass flow rate

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图 9 两种燃料的贫油熄火特性对比

Figure 9. Comparison of lean blow-out characteristics between two fuels

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图 10 燃烧室出口周向温度分布曲线对比

Figure 10. Comparison of combustor exit circumferential temperature distribution curve

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图 11 燃烧室出口径向温度分布曲线对比

Figure 11. Comparison of combustor exit radial temperature distribution curve

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表 1 两种燃料的物性参数和组分

Table 1. Physical properties and components of two fuels

参数	数值
参数	SAF	RP-3
热值/（MJ/kg）	44.1	43.5
密度（20 ℃）/（kg/m³）	764.8	783.3
运动黏度（20 ℃）/（mm²/s）	2.7	1.6
表面张力（20 ℃）（mN/m）	25.4	24.9
闪点/℃	49.0	44.0
终馏点/℃	285.0	239.5
环烷烃质量分数/%	0.3	14.5
氢碳比	2.134	1.889

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表 2 主要测试设备及精度

Table 2. Name and precision of main instrument

序号	设备名称	精度
1	标准流量喷嘴	±1%
2	质量流量计	±0.5%
3	压力测量系统	±0.5%
4	K型热电偶	±2 ℃
5	B型热电偶	±5 ℃

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表 3 点火试验参数

Table 3. Parameters of ignition test

参数	数值
p_t3/MPa	0.1
t_t3/℃	30
v_r,c/（m/s）	2.6, 3.2, 3.8, 4.5, 5.1

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表 4 熄火和性能试验参数

Table 4. Parameters of lean blow-out and performance test

参数	数值
参数	地面慢车	起飞
p_t3/MPa	0.3	1.3
t_t3/℃	180	400
油气比	0.014	0.023

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