差异化直径刷式密封浮升扰动效应流固耦合数值研究

刘恩宇; 孙丹; 谭全昌; 吴新洲; 徐文峰; 赵欢

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240441

差异化直径刷式密封浮升扰动效应流固耦合数值研究

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240441

刘恩宇^{1, 2},
孙丹^{1, 2,*, ,},
谭全昌^{1, 2},
吴新洲³,
徐文峰^{1, 2},
赵欢^{1, 2}

1.
沈阳航空航天大学航空发动机学院辽宁省航空推进系统先进测试技术重点实验室，沈阳 110136
2.
沈阳航空航天大学沈阳市透平机械先进密封技术重点实验室，沈阳 110136
3.
中国航发长江动力有限公司，湖南岳阳 414001

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52075346，52375195）；辽宁省属本科高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助

详细信息

作者简介:
刘恩宇（2000-），男，硕士生，主要从事刷式密封刷丝力学特性与摩擦磨损特性研究

通讯作者:
孙丹（1981-），男，教授，博士，主要从事航空发动机先进密封技术研究。E-mail：phd_sundan@163.com

中图分类号: V233.5
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-02
- 网络出版日期: 2026-02-12

Numercal investigation on floating disturbance effect of differential diameter brush seal with fluid-structure coupling

LIU Enyu^{1, 2},
SUN Dan^{1, 2,*
, ,},
TAN Quanchang^{1, 2},
WU Xinzhou³,
XU Wenfeng^{1, 2},
ZHAO Huan^{1, 2}

1.
Liaoning Key Lab of Advanced Test Technology for Aerospace Propulsion System，School of Aero-engine，Shenyang Aerospace University，Shenyang 110136，China
2.
Shenyang Aerospace University Key Laboratory of Turbomachinery Advanced Seal Technology，Shenyang Aerospace University，Shenyang 110136，China
3.
Changjiang Engine Company Limited，Aero Engine Corporation of China，Hunan Yueyang 414001，China

摘要

摘要:
传统刷式密封易受气流作用产生浮升扰动效应导致提前失效寿命0过短的问题，基于简化悬臂梁模型理论分析刷丝浮升扰动效应力学模型，提出能够抑制刷丝浮升扰动效应新型差异化直径刷式密封，基于Arbitrary Lagrange-Eulerian（ALE）流固耦合方法建立差异化直径刷式密封三维瞬态求解模型，量化分析刷丝自由端变形特性，研究不同结构参数和工况参数对差异化直径刷式密封浮升扰动效应影响规律。研究结果表明：新型差异化直径刷式密封通过刷丝差异化排列，增大前排刷丝直径进而增加刷丝刚度，能够增强刷丝的抗扰动能力，提升传统刷式密封封严性能。增大压比、前挡板保护高度、前挡板与刷丝束轴向间隙均会增强刷丝的浮升扰动效应，差异化直径刷式密封能够抑制刷丝浮升扰动效应。在本文工况参数和结构参数下，相对于传统刷式密封，新型差异化直径刷式密封刷丝自由端平均变形量减少10.98%～20.39%。
- 刷丝浮升扰动效应 /
- 差异化直径刷式密封 /
- 刷丝动力学特性 /
- 三维实体建模 /
- 流固耦合
Abstract:
The traditional brush seal has the problem that the premature failure life is too short due to the bristles floating disturbance effect. The dynamic model of bristles floating disturbance of brush seal was analyzed theoretically. New type of brush seal structure with differential diameter to suppress the floating disturbance effect of bristles was proposed. A three-dimensional transient solution model of differential diameter brush seal was established based on the Arbitrary Lagrange-Eulerian (ALE) fluid-solid coupling method. The deformation characteristic of bristle tips were quantitatively analyzed, and the influence of structural parameters and working condition parameters on the bristles floating disturbance effect of differential diameter brush seal was studied. The results showed the differential diameter brush seal through the differential arrangement of the brush wire and increases the bristles stiffness by increasing the diameter of the front bristles, which can enhance the anti-disturbance ability of the brush wire and improve the sealing performance of the traditional brush seal. Increasing the pressure ratio, the protection height of the front plate, and the axial clearance between the front plate and the brush beam can enhance the floating disturbance effect of the bristles. The differential diameter brush seal can suppress the brush floating disturbance effect. Under the working condition parameters and structural parameters of this paper, the average deformation of the free end of the bristles of the differential diameter brush seal can be reduced by 10.98%—20.39% compared with the traditional brush seal.
- bristles floating disturbance effect /
- differential diameter brush seal /
- dynamic characteristics of bristles /
- three-dimensional solid modeling /
- fluid-structure coupling

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图 1 刷式密封刷丝浮升扰动效应

Figure 1. Bristles floating disturbance effect of brush seals

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图 2 刷丝浮升扰动效应引发刷丝失效^[6]

Figure 2. Failure form of bristles floating disturbance effect^[6]

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图 3 刷丝浮升扰动效应示意图

Figure 3. Bristles floating disturbance effect diagram

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图 4 刷丝受力分析图

Figure 4. Bristle force analysis diagram

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图 5 刷丝弯曲变形分析图

Figure 5. Bristle bending deformation analysis diagram

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图 6 差异化直径刷式密封结构示意图

Figure 6. Differential diameter brush seals structure diagram

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图 7 差异化直径刷式密封数值计算模型

Figure 7. Numerical calculation model of differential diameter brush seal

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图 8 网格划分示意图

Figure 8. Meshing diagram

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图 9 网格无关性验证

Figure 9. Mesh independence verification

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图 10 差异化直径刷式密封边界条件

Figure 10. Differential diameter brush seal boundary conditions

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图 11 刷式密封泄漏流动实验装置实物图

Figure 11. Brush seal leakage flow experimental device physical diagram

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图 12 刷式密封泄漏特性实验原理图

Figure 12. Experimental schematic diagram of brush seal leakage characteristics

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图 13 实验气缸示意图

Figure 13. Experimental cylinder schematic diagram

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图 14 泄漏量对比验证

Figure 14. Comparison and verification of leakage

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图 15 刷丝变形量对比验证

Figure 15. Bristle deformation comparison verification

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图 16 泄漏量随压比变化曲线

Figure 16. Variation curve of leakage with pressure ratio

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图 17 刷丝总体变形图（t=0.8 ms）

Figure 17. Total deformation diagram of brush seals （t=0.8 ms）

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图 18 刷丝总体变形图（t=1.6 ms）

Figure 18. Total deformation diagram of traditional brush seals （t=1.6 ms）

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图 19 前排刷丝排数对刷丝自由端平均变形量影响

Figure 19. Influence of the front bristle rows under average deformation of the bristle tips

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图 20 刷丝自由端变形量（p_r=3）

Figure 20. Deformation of the bristle tips （p_r=3）

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图 21 刷丝自由端变形量（p_r=4）

Figure 21. Deformation of the bristle tips （p_r=4）

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图 22 刷丝自由端变形量（p_r=5）

Figure 22. Deformation of the bristle tips （p_r=5）

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图 23 压比对刷丝自由端平均变形量影响

Figure 23. Influence of pressure ratio under average deformation of the bristles tips

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图 24 刷丝自由端变形量（L₁=3 mm）

Figure 24. Deformation of the bristle tips （L₁=3 mm）

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图 25 刷丝自由端变形量（L₁=4 mm）

Figure 25. Deformation of the bristle tips （L₁=4 mm）

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图 26 前挡板保护高度对刷丝自由端平均变形量影响

Figure 26. Influence of protection height of front plate under average deformation of the bristles tips

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图 27 刷丝自由端变形量（h_f=0.76 mm）

Figure 27. Deformation of the bristle tips （h_f=0.76 mm）

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图 28 刷丝自由端变形量（h_f=1.06 mm）

Figure 28. Deformation of the bristle tips （h_f=1.06 mm）

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图 29 轴向间隙对刷丝自由端平均变形量影响

Figure 29. Influence of axial clearance on the average deformation of the bristle tips

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表 1 差异化直径刷式密封结构参数表

Table 1. Differential diameter brush seal structure parameter table

结构参数		数值
前挡板宽度w_f/mm		1.50
后挡板宽度w_b/mm		2.00
前挡板保护高度L₁/mm		2.00，3.00，4.00
后挡板保护高度L₃/mm		1.00
刷丝束与转子面间隙h_r/mm		0
刷丝束与前挡板间隙h_f/mm		0.46，0.76，1.06
刷丝直径/mm	D₁	0.07
刷丝直径/mm	D₂	0.12
刷丝间距/mm	d₁	0.007
	d₂	0.021
	d₃	0.0136
刷丝径向长度L_2/mm		10.50
刷丝排数N₁		7
前排刷丝排数N₂		2，4，6

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