航空发动机转子在突加基础冲击载荷下的振动特性试验

聂卫健; 杨晓光; 唐广; 李坚; 王金舜

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240462

航空发动机转子在突加基础冲击载荷下的振动特性试验

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240462

聂卫健^{1, 2, 3,},
杨晓光¹,
唐广^{2, 3},
李坚^{2, 3},
王金舜²

1.
北京航空航天大学能源与动力工程学院，北京 100191
2.
中国航发湖南动力机械研究所，湖南株洲 412002
3.
中国航发航空发动机振动技术重点实验室，湖南株洲 412002

基金项目: 中国航空发动机集团科技创新平台基金项目（CXPT-2022-031）

详细信息

作者简介:
聂卫健（1991-），男，高级工程师，博士生，主要从事航空发动机转子动力学研究工作。E-mail：nwjxj@126.com

中图分类号: V231.96
计量
- 文章访问数: 905
- HTML浏览量: 293
- PDF量: 56
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-08
- 网络出版日期: 2024-12-13

Vibration characteristics experiment of aero-engine rotor under sudden base impact load

NIE Weijian^{1, 2, 3
,},
YANG Xiaoguang¹,
TANG Guang^{2, 3},
LI Jian^{2, 3},
WANG Jinshun²

1.
School of Energy and Power Engineering，Beihang University，Beijing 100191，China
2.
Hunan Aviation Powerplant Research Institute，Aero Engine Corporation of China，Zhuzhou Hunan 412002，China
3.
Key Laboratory of Aero-engine Vibration Technology，Aero Engine Corporation of China，Zhuzhou Hunan 412002，China

摘要

摘要:
针对航空发动机转子在服役过程中受到突加基础冲击载荷的振动响应特性复杂问题，基于动力学相似原则和结构特征相似原则设计了全尺寸转子系统试验器，提出采用高速电动机驱动在振动与冲击试验台上开展突加基础冲击载荷作用下航空发动机转子系统振动响应特性试验的方法，获取了轴向、垂向冲击载荷下转子的振动响应特征，通过试验研究了冲击载荷参数（冲击转速、冲击载荷大小、冲击方向及冲击脉宽）对转子振动响应的影响。试验结果表明：受到突加基础冲击载荷瞬时转子振动响应瞬时大幅增加，随后衰减至冲击前的稳定状态；瞬时振动响应的频率成分复杂，除基频外，存在不规律的其他频率成分；冲击载荷参数对转子振动响应的影响显著，应特别关注垂直方向的振动响应。研究为突加基础冲击载荷下的航空发动机转子振动响应特性分析和结构安全设计提供了参考，具有重要的工程应用价值。
- 航空发动机转子 /
- 突加基础冲击载荷 /
- 振动响应特性 /
- 结构安全设计 /
- 轴心轨迹
Abstract:
A full-scale rotor system test rig was designed to investigate the vibration response of the aero-engine rotor under sudden base impact load during the process of landing, based on the dynamic similarity principle and structural feature similarity principle. An experiment method for the vibration characteristics of aero-engine rotor under sudden base impact load driven by high-speed motor on the vibration and shock table was proposed. The vibration response characteristics of the rotor under axial and vertical impact loads were obtained. The influences of impact parameters, such as impact speed, impact load size, impact direction, and impact pulse width, on rotor vibration response were studied through experiments. Experimental results showed that when the rotor system received sudden base impact load, the vibration response increased significantly, and then returned to the stable state before impact. The frequency components of instantaneous vibration response were complex, and there were irregular frequency components other than the fundamental frequency. In addition, the impact parameters had significant impact on the vibration response of the rotor, and special attention should be paid to the vertical vibration response. The study can provide a reference for the vibration characteristics experiment and structural safety design of aero-engine rotor under sudden base impact load thanks to its important engineering application value.
- aero-engine rotor /
- sudden base impact load /
- vibration response characteristics /
- structural safety design /
- orbits

HTML

图 1 试验器结构

Figure 1. Tester structure

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 振动与冲击试验台

Figure 2. Vibration and shock table

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 动圈示意图

Figure 3. Moving circle diagram

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 安装测试示意图

Figure 4. Installation and measurement sketch

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 突加垂向基础冲击载荷下加速度响应

Figure 5. Acceleration response under sudden vertical base impact load

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 突加垂向基础冲击载荷下位移响应

Figure 6. Displacement response under sudden vertical base impact load

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 突加垂向基础冲击载荷下轴心轨迹

Figure 7. Orbits under sudden vertical base impact load

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 突加垂向基础冲击载荷下转子的频率成分

Figure 8. Frequency of the rotor under sudden vertical base impact load

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 突加轴向基础冲击载荷下加速度响应

Figure 9. Acceleration response under sudden axial base impact load

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 突加轴向基础冲击载荷下位移响应

Figure 10. Displacement response under sudden axial base impact load

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 突加轴向基础冲击载荷下转子的轴心轨迹

Figure 11. Orbits of the rotor under sudden axial base impact load

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 突加轴向基础冲击载荷下转子的频率成分

Figure 12. Frequency of the rotor under sudden axial base impact load

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 不同冲击转速下转子的轴心轨迹

Figure 13. Orbits of the rotor at different speeds

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 不同冲击转速下转子的频率成分

Figure 14. Frequency of the rotor at different speeds

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 不同大小突加基础冲击载荷下转子的轴心轨迹

Figure 15. Orbits of the rotor under different sudden base impact load values

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 16 不同大小突加基础冲击载荷下转子的频率成分

Figure 16. Frequency of the rotor under different sudden base impact load values

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 17 不同脉宽突加基础冲击载荷下转子的轴心轨迹

Figure 17. Orbits of the rotor under different pulse widths

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 18 不同脉宽突加基础冲击载荷下转子的频率成分

Figure 18. Frequency of the rotor under different pulse widths

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 临界转速计算结果对比

Table 1. Comparison results of the critical speeds

阶次	临界转速/（r/min）		设计误差/%
阶次	真实转子	模拟转子	设计误差/%
第1阶	0.278n	0.264n	2.50
第2阶	0.515n	0.517n	0.30
第3阶	1.465n	1.488n	3.98

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 振形计算结果对比

Table 2. Comparison results of the mode shapes

阶次	振型
阶次	真实转子	模拟转子
第1阶
第2阶
第3阶

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 试验工况

Table 3. Experimental condition

序号	试验转速/ （r/min）	冲击方向	脉宽/ms	载荷大小
1	0.20n	垂向	6	4g
2				6g
3				10g
4	0.20n	垂向	11	4g
5	0.20n	轴向	6	4g
6	0.65n	垂向	6	4g
7	1.00n	垂向	6	4g

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 不同冲击转速下受到突加基础冲击载荷转子的位移响应

Table 4. Displacement response of the rotor under sudden base impact load at different speeds

试验转速/ （r/min）	位移响应/mm
试验转速/ （r/min）	D1	D2	D3	D4
0.20n	0.18	0.31	0.22	0.20
0.65n	0.21	0.35	0.26	0.16
1.00n	0.22	0.37	0.28	0.13

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 不同冲击转速下受到突加基础冲击载荷转子的加速度响应

Table 5. Acceleration response of the rotor under sudden base impact load at different speeds

试验转速/ （r/min）	A/g
试验转速/ （r/min）	A1	A2	A3	A4	A5	A6
0.20n	3.98	0.98	4.73	1.56	5.27	1.50
0.65n	6.08	2.64	5.84	1.68	6.16	1.66
1.00n	6.35	3.08	6.12	1.86	6.35	1.85

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 不同大小突加基础冲击载荷下转子的位移响应

Table 6. Displacement response of the rotor under different sudden base impact load values

载荷大小	位移响应/mm
载荷大小	D1	D2	D3	D4
4g	0.18	0.31	0.22	0.20
6g	0.25	0.40	031	0.27
10g	0.27	0.54	0.38	0.32

下载: 导出CSV

表 7 不同大小突加基础冲击载荷下转子的加速度响应

Table 7. Acceleration response of the rotor under different sudden base impact load values

载荷大小	A/g
载荷大小	A1	A2	A3	A4	A5	A6
4g	3.98	0.98	4.73	1.56	5.27	1.50
6g	6.48	1.98	6.80	2.96	6.96	2.31
10g	10.65	2.64	10.95	4.44	12.60	3.12

下载: 导出CSV

表 8 不同突加基础冲击方向载荷下转子的位移响应

Table 8. Displacement response of the rotor under different sudden base impact load directions

冲击方向	位移响应/mm
冲击方向	D1	D2	D3	D4
垂向	0.18	0.31	0.22	0.20
轴向	0.29	0.38	0.25	0.24

下载: 导出CSV

表 9 不同突加基础冲击方向载荷下转子的加速度响应

Table 9. Acceleration response of the rotor under different sudden base impact load directions

冲击方向	A/g
冲击方向	A1	A2	A3	A4	A5	A6
垂向	3.98	0.98	4.73	1.56	5.27	1.50
轴向	1.86	0.86	0.76	0.63	1.14	1.00

下载: 导出CSV

表 10 不同脉宽突加基础冲击载荷下转子的位移响应

Table 10. Displacement response of the rotor under different pulse widths

脉宽/ms	位移响应/mm
脉宽/ms	D1	D2	D3	D4
6	0.18	0.31	0.22	0.20
11	0.16	0.28	0.19	0.17
降低幅度/%	11.11	9.68	13.64	15.00

下载: 导出CSV

表 11 不同脉宽突加基础冲击载荷下转子的加速度响应

Table 11. Acceleration response of the rotor under different pulse widths

脉宽/ms	A/g
脉宽/ms	A1	A2	A3	A4	A5	A6
6	3.98	0.98	4.73	1.56	5.27	1.50
11	3.52	0.93	4.29	1.48	4.96	1.37
降低幅度/%	11.56	5.10	9.30	5.13	5.88	8.67

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(18)

[1]	杨蛟,曹树谦. 机动飞行条件下航空发动机双转子动力学实验研究[J]. 机械科学与技术,2014,33(9): 1434-1438. YANG Jiao,CAO Shuqian. Experimental study on the dual-rotor dynamics of aeroengine subjected to maneuvering conditions[J]. Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2014,33(9): 1434-1438. (in Chinese YANG Jiao, CAO Shuqian. Experimental study on the dual-rotor dynamics of aeroengine subjected to maneuvering conditions[J]. Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering, 2014, 33(9): 1434-1438. (in Chinese)
[2]	白雪川,曹树谦,杨蛟,等. 机动飞行时航空发动机反向旋转双转子动力学实验研究[J]. 机械科学与技术,2015,34(4): 623-628. BAI Xuechuan,CAO Shuqian,YANG Jiao,et al. Experiment research on aero-engine counter-rotating dual-rotor dynamics subjected to maneuvering conditions[J]. Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2015,34(4): 623-628. (in Chinese BAI Xuechuan, CAO Shuqian, YANG Jiao, et al. Experiment research on aero-engine counter-rotating dual-rotor dynamics subjected to maneuvering conditions[J]. Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering, 2015, 34(4): 623-628. (in Chinese)
[3]	祝长生,陈拥军. 机动飞行时航空发动机转子系统的振动特性[J]. 航空学报,2006,27(5): 835-841. ZHU Changsheng,CHEN Yongjun. Vibration characteristics of aeroengine’s rotor system during maneuvering flight[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2006,27(5): 835-841. (in Chinese doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6893.2006.05.020 ZHU Changsheng, CHEN Yongjun. Vibration characteristics of aeroengine’s rotor system during maneuvering flight[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2006, 27(5): 835-841. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6893.2006.05.020
[4]	陈润田,祝长生. 基础平动激励下的电磁轴承-柔性转子系统振动控制研究[J]. 机电工程,2021,38(6): 673-680. CHEN Runtian,ZHU Changsheng. Vibration control of active magnetic bearing-flexible rotor system under base translational excitation[J]. Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering,2021,38(6): 673-680. (in Chinese doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4551.2021.06.003 CHEN Runtian, ZHU Changsheng. Vibration control of active magnetic bearing-flexible rotor system under base translational excitation[J]. Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, 2021, 38(6): 673-680. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4551.2021.06.003
[5]	谢最伟,贺少华,吴新跃. 一种基于频响因子的转子系统基础冲击响应计算方法[J]. 振动与冲击,2011,30(9): 221-226. XIE Zuiwei,HE Shaohua,WU Xinyue. Shock response computation for rotor-bearing systems by use of “frequency response coefficient” method[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2011,30(9): 221-226. (in Chinese doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3835.2011.09.046 XIE Zuiwei, HE Shaohua, WU Xinyue. Shock response computation for rotor-bearing systems by use of “frequency response coefficient” method[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2011, 30(9): 221-226. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3835.2011.09.046
[6]	游震洲,黄其祥,王锋,等. 转子-基础系统的随机不确定建模与振动分析[J]. 航空动力学报,2016,31(1): 1-9. YOU Zhenzhou,HUANG Qixiang,WANG Feng,et al. Random uncertainty modeling and vibration analysis of rotor-foundation system[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power,2016,31(1): 1-9. (in Chinese YOU Zhenzhou, HUANG Qixiang, WANG Feng, et al. Random uncertainty modeling and vibration analysis of rotor-foundation system[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2016, 31(1): 1-9. (in Chinese)
[7]	贺少华,吴新跃. 舰载旋转机械基础冲击响应建模和数值计算[J]. 爆炸与冲击,2011,31(6): 561-566. HE Shaohua,WU Xinyue. Shock response modeling and computation of shipboard rotating machinery subjected to base-transferred shock force[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves,2011,31(6): 561-566. (in Chinese doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2011)06-0561-06 HE Shaohua, WU Xinyue. Shock response modeling and computation of shipboard rotating machinery subjected to base-transferred shock force[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2011, 31(6): 561-566. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2011)06-0561-06
[8]	祝长生,陈拥军. 机动飞行时发动机转子系统动力学统一模型[J]. 航空动力学报,2009,24(2): 371-377. ZHU Changsheng,CHEN Yongjun. General dynamic model of aeroengine’s rotor system during maneuvering flight[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power,2009,24(2): 371-377. (in Chinese ZHU Changsheng, CHEN Yongjun. General dynamic model of aeroengine’s rotor system during maneuvering flight[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2009, 24(2): 371-377. (in Chinese)
[9]	CHEN Xi,GAN Xiaohua,REN Guangming. Nonlinear responses and bifurcations of a rotor-bearing system supported by squeeze-film damper with retainer spring subjected to base excitations[J]. Nonlinear Dynamics,2020,102(4): 2143-2177. doi: 10.1007/s11071-020-06052-0
[10]	张欢. 考虑基础运动的转子系统动力学特性分析[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学,2014. ZHANG Huan. Dynamic characteristics analysis of rotor system considering basic motion[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology,2014. (in Chinese ZHANG Huan. Dynamic characteristics analysis of rotor system considering basic motion[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2014. (in Chinese)
[11]	陈曦. 基础运动激励条件下转子系统动力学特性研究[D]. 西安: 西北工业大学,2019. CHEN Xi. Study on dynamic characteristics of rotor system under the excitation of basic motion[D]. Xi’an: Northwestern Polytechnical University,2019. (in Chinese CHEN Xi. Study on dynamic characteristics of rotor system under the excitation of basic motion[D]. Xi’an: Northwestern Polytechnical University, 2019. (in Chinese)
[12]	DUCHEMIN M,BERLIOZ A,FERRARIS G. Dynamic behavior and stability of a rotor under base excitation[J]. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics,2006,128(5): 576-585. doi: 10.1115/1.2202159
[13]	DRIOT N,LAMARQUE C H,BERLIOZ A. Theoretical and experimental analysis of a base-excited rotor[J]. Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics,2006,1(3): 257-263. doi: 10.1115/1.2209648
[14]	CHEN Liqiang,ZENG Zhenkun,ZHANG Dayi,et al. Vibration properties of dual-rotor systems under base excitation,mass unbalance and gravity[J]. Applied Sciences,2022,12(3): 960. doi: 10.3390/app12030960
[15]	陈伟,吴泽宇,韩佳奇,等. 突加基础冲击激励下转子系统振动特性试验[J]. 航空动力学报,2023,38(4): 878-888. CHEN Wei,WU Zeyu,HAN Jiaqi,et al. Test on vibration characteristics of rotor system under sudden base shock excitation[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power,2023,38(4): 878-888. (in Chinese CHEN Wei, WU Zeyu, HAN Jiaqi, et al. Test on vibration characteristics of rotor system under sudden base shock excitation[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2023, 38(4): 878-888. (in Chinese)
[16]	颜文忠,SHAPOSHNIKOV K,张大义,等. 基础振动对转子系统动力特性影响的试验研究[J]. 推进技术,2016,37(11): 2157-2164. YAN Wenzhong,SHAPOSHNIKOV K,ZHANG Dayi,et al. Experimental investigation on dynamic characteristics of rotor system subject to foundation vibration[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology,2016,37(11): 2157-2164. (in Chinese YAN Wenzhong, SHAPOSHNIKOV K, ZHANG Dayi, et al. Experimental investigation on dynamic characteristics of rotor system subject to foundation vibration[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2016, 37(11): 2157-2164. (in Chinese)
[17]	杨泽东. 突加高能基础激励载荷作用下转子系统响应特性及稳定性研究[D]. 南京: 南京航空航天大学,2020. YANG Zedong. Study on response characteristics and stability of rotor system under excitation load of sudden high energy foundation[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2020. (in Chinese YANG Zedong. Study on response characteristics and stability of rotor system under excitation load of sudden high energy foundation[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2020. (in Chinese)
[18]	聂卫健,王金舜,唐广,等. 冲击载荷下航空发动机转子振动特性试验方法[J]. 振动与冲击,2023,42(19): 1-6. NIE Weijian,WANG Jinshun,TANG Guang,et al. Test method for vibration characteristics of aeroengine rotor under impact load[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2023,42(19): 1-6. (in Chinese NIE Weijian, WANG Jinshun, TANG Guang, et al. Test method for vibration characteristics of aeroengine rotor under impact load[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2023, 42(19): 1-6. (in Chinese)