Flow and heat transfer of aeroengine turbine guide vanes based on fluid-thermal-solid coupling
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摘要:
根据涡轮叶片的工作原理、流动换热机理，利用编程软件二次开发了包含ANSYS Fluent、ANSYS APDL和Flowmaster的流热固耦合计算系统，实现仿真软件自动调用、自动计算、不同计算域之间的数据交互和计算结果监控。利用该联合仿真软件对不同内冷通道高宽比的油冷涡轮导叶的燃气通道流动特性以及叶片换热特性进行了分析，结果表明：涡轮叶片内冷通道的结构设计和排布方案对油冷涡轮叶片冷却效果的影响较大，更改U型内冷通道高宽比会对油冷涡轮叶片的温度分布产生较大的影响；随着U型通道的高宽比增大，叶片的冷却效率随之降低，但降低幅度较小；高宽比更小的油冷结构设计，其叶片外壁面的温度分布更均匀，冷却覆盖区域更大，高宽比更大的油冷结构设计，其冷却效果更集中，冷却覆盖区域更小。
Abstract:Based on the principle of turbine vanes and the mechanism of flow and heat transfer, a fluid-thermal-solid coupling calculation system incorporating ANSYS Fluent, ANSYS APDL, and Flowmaster was developed through secondary development. This system achieved the invocating of different programs, automatic calculation, data exchange between different computational domains, and monitoring of calculation results. Based on this integrated simulation software, the flow phenomena in the blade channels and heat transfer phenomena of oil-cooled turbine vanes with different cooling channels aspect ratios were analyzed. The results showed that the structural design and layout of cooling channels significantly influenced the cooling effectiveness of oil-cooled turbine vanes. Moreover, as the aspect ratio of U-shaped cooling channels increased, the oil-cooled turbine vanes had a great impact on the temperature distribution. With the increase of the aspect ratio of U-shaped channels, the cooling efficiency of the turbine vanes decreased, but the reduction was minor; oil cooling structures with smaller aspect ratios exhibited more uniform temperature distribution on the turbine vanes outer walls and a larger cooling coverage area, while oil cooling structures with larger aspect ratios had a more concentrated cooling effect and a smaller cooling coverage area.
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图 4 涡轮叶片流热固耦合计算系统软件界面
Figure 4. Turbine blade fluid-thermal-solid coupling simulation software interface
图 6 叶片固体域网格模型局部示意图
Figure 6. Local schematic representation of the blade solid domain grid model
图 10 叶片中径壁面静压分布（p0=
413286 Pa）Figure 10. Wall static pressure distribution on median blade section （p0=
413286 Pa）
图 11 叶片中径壁面传热系数分布（h0=
1135 W/（m2·K））Figure 11. Wall heat transfer coefficient distribution on median blade section （h0=
1135 W/（m2·K））
图 12 叶片中径壁面温度分布（T0=811 K）
Figure 12. Wall temperature distribution on median blade section （T0=811 K）
图 13 冷却通道中径努塞尔数分布
Figure 13. Nusselt numbers distribution on median section in the cooling channel
图 17 RP-3主要物性参数随温度变化曲线
Figure 17. Curcurve of main physical property parameters of RP-3 varying with temperature
图 18 不同高宽比方案下的冷却效率
Figure 18. Cooling efficiency with different high-aspect ratio schemes
图 19 25%叶高截面处叶片压力面温度分布图（T0=818 K）
Figure 19. Temperature distribution diagram of blade pressure surface at 25% span （T0=818 K）
图 20 50%叶高截面处叶片压力面温度分布图（T0=818 K）
Figure 20. Temperature distribution diagram of blade pressure surface at 50% span （T0=818 K）
图 21 75%叶高截面处叶片压力面温度分布图（T0=818 K）
Figure 21. Temperature distribution diagram of blade pressure surface at 75% span （T0=818 K）
图 22 25%叶高截面处叶片吸力面温度分布图（T0=818 K）
Figure 22. Temperature distribution of blade suction surface at 25% span （T0=818 K）
图 23 50%叶高截面处叶片吸力面温度分布图（T0=818 K）
Figure 23. Temperature distribution diagram of blade suction surface at 50% span （T0=818 K）
图 24 75%叶高截面处叶片吸力面温度分布图（T0=818 K）
Figure 24. Temperature distribution of blade suction surface at the 75% span （T0=818 K）
图 25 高宽比为1∶1.5叶片压力面温度云图
Figure 25. Temperature contour of blade pressure surface with aspect ratio of 1∶1.5
图 26 高宽比为1∶1.5叶片吸力面温度云图
Figure 26. Temperature contour of blade suction surface with aspect ratio of 1∶1.5
图 27 高宽比为2∶1叶片压力面温度云图
Figure 27. Temperature contour of blade pressure surface with aspect ratio of 2∶1
图 28 高宽比为2∶1叶片吸力面温度云图
Figure 28. Temperature contour of blade suction surface with aspect ratio of 2∶1
表 1 燃气通道边界条件
Table 1. Blade channel boundary conditions
参数 数值 进口 总压/Pa 413286 总温/K 818 湍流强度/% 8.3 黏度比 30 马赫数 0.17 雷诺数/106 6.4 出口 静压/Pa 254172 马赫数 0.89 雷诺数/106 2.44 
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表 2 内冷通道边界条件
Table 2. Inner cooling channel boundary conditions
通道编号 内径/mm 空气流量/（kg/s） 进口温度/K 1 6.3 0.0222 342 2 6.3 0.0221 344 3 6.3 0.0218 335 4 6.3 0.0228 336 5 6.3 0.0225 330 6 6.3 0.0225 355 7 6.3 0.0216 336 8 3.1 0.00744 350 9 3.1 0.00477 377 10 1.98 0.00256 387
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表 3 内冷通道高宽比
Table 3. Height-width ratio of the inner cooling channel
方案编号 高宽比 高度/m 宽度/m 1 1∶1.5 39.0000 58.5000 2 1∶1 42.0000 52.5000 3 1∶1.25 45.5000 45.5000 4 1.25∶1 48.7500 39.0000 5 1.5∶1 51.1875 34.1250 6 2∶1 54.6000 27.3000 7 2.5∶1 56.8750 22.7500
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表 4 油冷方案内冷通道边界条件
Table 4. Inner cooling channel boundary conditions in the oil-cooling scheme
参数 数值 进口 总压/MPa 3 总温/K 303.15 出口 燃油流量/（kg/s） 0.2
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