Influence of non-uniformity of fouling thickness on the aerodynamic performance of compressor cascade
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摘要:
针对压气机叶片积垢典型厚度分布建立了均匀积垢厚、前缘积垢厚和尾缘积垢厚3种分布形式，并以某扩压叶栅为研究对象，采用数值模拟手段研究了不同分布形式及大小的积垢对压气机叶栅气动性能退化程度影响。结果表明：均匀积垢厚对于评估真实压气机叶片积垢非均匀厚度分布所带来的气动性能退化程度存在局限性，且3种厚度分布形式的结果均表明负攻角工况下气动性能退化程度更加明显。相较于尾缘积垢厚，前缘积垢厚对气动性能退化影响更加显著，当积垢最大厚度相同时，前缘积垢厚造成的损失比尾缘积垢厚增加了84.35%，静压比降低了0.98%，进一步说明了压气机叶片积垢建模必须考虑其非均匀分布位置及大小，才能在气动性能退化的评估时得到更加可靠的结果。
Abstract:Three distribution forms of uniform fouling thickness, leading edge fouling thickness and trailing edge fouling thickness were established for the typical thickness distribution of compressor blade fouling, a diffuser cascade was taken as the research object, and numerical simulation was carried out to study the influences of different distribution forms and sizes of fouling on the degradation of aerodynamic performance of the compressor cascade. The results showed that the uniform fouling thickness overestimated the degradation of aerodynamic performance caused by the non-uniform thickness distribution of fouling on real compressor blades. The results of all three thickness distribution forms showed that the degradation of aerodynamic performance was more pronounced under negative incidence. Compared with the trailing edge fouling thickness, the effect of leading edge fouling thickness on aerodynamic performance degradation was more significant. When the maximum thickness of fouling was similar, the loss caused by the leading edge fouling thickness increased by 84.35% and the pressure ratio decreased by 0.98% compared with the trailing edge fouling thickness, which further illustrated the fact that the modelling of the compressor blade fouling should take into account its non-uniform distribution location and size to obtain more reliable results in the assessment of the aerodynamic performance degradation.
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图 2 NUP-A1叶栅型线及几何参数示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of NUP-A1 cascade profile and geometric parameters
图 4 均匀积垢厚分布下不同厚度示意图
Figure 4. Diagram of different thickness sizes under uniform fouling thickness distribution
图 5 前缘积垢厚分布下不同厚度示意图
Figure 5. Diagram of different thickness sizes of the leading edge fouling thickness distribution
图 6 尾缘积垢厚分布下不同厚度示意图
Figure 6. Diagram of different thickness sizes of the trailing edge fouling thickness distribution
图 7 干净叶栅数值结果与实验结果对比
Figure 7. Comparison of numerical results of clean cascade with experimental results
图 11 Main=0.5时吸力面均匀积垢厚攻角特性曲线
Figure 11. Incidence characteristics of suction surface uniform fouling thickness distribution at Main=0.5
图 12 Main=0.5时吸力面均匀积垢厚的等熵马赫数沿弦长分布
Figure 12. Isentropic Mach number distribution along the chord length of suction surface uniform fouling thickness distribution at Main=0.5
图 13 Main=0.5时吸力面均匀积垢厚的尾迹损失分布曲线
Figure 13. Wake loss distribution of suction surface uniform fouling thickness distribution at Main=0.5
图 14 Main=0.5，i =−5°时吸力面均匀积垢厚的马赫数云图
Figure 14. Mach number cloud image of suction surface uniform fouling thickness distribution at Main=0.5，i =−5°
图 15 Main=0.5，i =−5°时吸力面均匀积垢厚的间歇因子云图
Figure 15. Intermittency cloud image of suction surface uniform fouling thickness distribution at i=−5°, Main=0.5
图 16 Main=0.5时吸力面前缘积垢厚攻角特性曲线
Figure 16. Incidence characteristics of suction surface leading edge fouling thickness distribution at Main=0.5
图 17 Main=0.5时吸力面前缘积垢厚的等熵马赫数沿弦长分布
Figure 17. Isentropic Mach number distribution along the chord length of suction surface leading edge fouling thickness distribution at Main=0.5
图 18 Main=0.5时吸力面前缘积垢厚的尾迹损失分布曲线
Figure 18. Wake loss distribution of suction surface leading edge fouling thickness distribution at Main=0.5
图 19 Main=0.5，i =−5°时吸力面前缘积垢厚的马赫数云图
Figure 19. Mach number cloud image of suction surface leading edge fouling thickness distribution atMain=0.5， i =−5°
图 20 Main=0.5，i=−5°时吸力面前缘积垢厚的间歇因子云图
Figure 20. Intermittency cloud image of suction surface leading edge fouling thickness distribution at Main=0.5，i=−5°
图 21 Main=0.5时吸力面尾缘积垢厚攻角特性曲线
Figure 21. Incidence characteristics of suction surface trailing edge fouling thickness distribution at Main=0.5
图 22 Main=0.5时吸力面尾缘积垢厚的等熵马赫数沿弦长分布
Figure 22. Isentropic Mach number distribution along the chord length of suction surface trailing edge fouling thickness distribution at Main=0.5
图 23 Main=0.5时吸力面尾缘积垢厚的尾迹损失分布曲线
Figure 23. Wake loss distribution of suction surface trailing edge fouling distribution at Main=0.5
图 24 Main=0.5，i=−5°时吸力面尾缘积垢厚的马赫数云图
Figure 24. Mach number cloud image of suction surface trailing edge fouling thickness distribution at Main=0.5, i=−5°
图 25 Main=0.5工况下攻角i=−5°时尾缘积垢厚的间歇因子云图
Figure 25. Intermittency cloud image of suction surface with trailing edge fouling thickness distribution for the case of i=−5°, Main=0.5
表 1 叶栅几何设计参数
Table 1. Cascade geometry design parameters
参数 数值 前缘半径/mm 0.5205 尾缘半径/mm 0.5850 弦长/mm 69.9456 栅距/mm 30.4350 最大厚度/mm 3.5127 安装角/（°） 26.5800 几何进气角/（°） 45.8300 几何出气角/（°） 6.2200 
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表 2 积垢叶栅厚度研究方案取值
Table 2. Study scheme of fouling cascade thickness
工况编号 厚度分布形式 A0 h1 h2 1，2，3 均匀积垢厚 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 0.5 0 4，5，6 前缘积垢厚 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 0.1 10 7，8，9 尾缘积垢厚 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 0.9 1
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表 3 Main=0.5时吸力面均匀积垢厚的气流转折角
Table 3. Airflow turning angle of suction surface uniform fouling thickness distribution at Main=0.5
i/（°） Δβ/（°） 干净叶栅 工况1 工况2 工况3 −5 28.76 25.55 25.04 24.60 7 41.01 41.01 40.99 40.94
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表 4 Main=0.5时吸力面前缘积垢厚的气流转折角
Table 4. Airflow turning angle of suction surface leading edge fouling thickness distribution at Main=0.5
i/（°） Δβ/（°） 干净叶栅 工况4 工况5 工况6 −5 28.76 25.58 25.28 24.66 7 41.01 40.99 40.98 40.93
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表 5 Main=0.5工况吸力面尾缘积垢厚的气流转折角
Table 5. Airflow turning angle of trailing fouling thickness distribution on suction surface at Main=0.5
i/（°） Δβ/（°） 干净叶栅 工况7 工况8 工况9 −5 28.76 26.29 26.31 26.29 7 41.01 41.14 41.16 41.16
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