Study on cooling characteristics of tail nozzle air film under influence of thermal radiation
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摘要:
随着燃气温度提高、燃气中辐射参与介质增多，热辐射已成为尾喷管设计中较为突出的因素。为了探究热辐射以及结构参数对尾喷管气膜冷却特性的影响规律，建立了一种轴对称尾喷管简化模型，通过数值模拟方法探究辐射对尾喷管冷却影响规律。研究发现：热辐射作用会导致壁面冷却效果降低，且热辐射效果与冷却结构有关；辐射热流量受气膜孔径、主流组分影响较大，受气膜孔倾角影响较小，当气膜孔径由2 mm分别增加至3、4 mm时，辐射热流量分别提高13%、6%，当气膜孔倾角由15°分别增加至30°、45°时，辐射热流量基本不变；当主流组分由纯空气分别变为含体积分数为10%、20%二氧化碳时，辐射热流量分别提高17%、21%，在实际应用中应尽量降低主流组分中二氧化碳等辐射气体的含量。
Abstract:With the increase of gas temperature and radiation participation medium in gas, thermal radiation has become a prominent factor in the design of tail nozzle. In order to explore the influence of thermal radiation and structural parameters on the cooling characteristics of the tail nozzle air film, an axisymmetric tail nozzle simplification model was established, and the influence of radiation on the cooling of the tail nozzle was explored by numerical simulation. It was found that the cooling effect of the wall was reduced by thermal radiation, and the thermal radiation effect was related to the cooling structure. When the aperture of the air film increased from 2 mm to 3 mm and 4 mm, the radiant heat flux increased by 13% and 6%, respectively, and when the inclination angle of the air film aperture increased from 15° to 30° and 45°, respectively, the radiant heat flux was basically unchanged. When the main components changed from pure air to 10% carbon dioxide and 20% carbon dioxide, the radiant heat flux increased by 17% and 21%, respectively. In practical applications, the content of carbon dioxide and other radiant gasses in the mainstream components should be reduced as much as possible.
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Key words:
- high-temperature gas /
- tail nozzle /
- thermal radiation /
- air film cooling /
- cooling efficiency
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图 1 仿真模型与总体气流流动示意图
Figure 1. Simulation model and schematic diagram of overall airflow flow
图 2 仿真模型总体尺寸示意图（单位：mm）
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the overall dimensions of the simulation model （unit：mm）
图 4 冷却单元结构参数示意图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of the structural parameters of the cooling unit
图 5 网格数与温度变化关系
Figure 5. Relationship between the number of grids and the change in temperature
图 10 过孔截面冷却效率云图（D=2 mm，α=30°）
Figure 10. Contour of the cooling efficiency of the via section （D=2 mm，α=30°）
图 11 壁面冷却效率云图（D=2 mm，α=30°）
Figure 11. Contour of wall cooling efficiency （D=2 mm，α=30°）
图 12 壁面冷却效率曲线图（D=2 mm，α=30°）
Figure 12. Diagram of wall cooling efficiency （D=2 mm，α=30°）
图 13 壁面辐射热流云图（D=2 mm，α=30°）
Figure 13. Contour of radiant heat flux on the wall（D=2 mm，α=30°）
图 14 壁面辐射热流曲线图（D=2 mm，α=30°）
Figure 14. Diagram of radiant heat flux on the wall （D=2 mm，α=30°）
图 15 不同气膜孔径壁面冷却效率云图
Figure 15. Contour of wall cooling efficiency with different air film pore sizes
图 16 不同气膜孔径壁面冷却效率曲线图
Figure 16. Diagram of wall cooling efficiency with different air film pore sizes
图 17 不同气膜孔径壁面辐射热流云图
Figure 17. Contour of radiant heat flux on the wall with different air film pore sizes
图 18 不同气膜孔径壁面辐射热流曲线图
Figure 18. Diagram of radiant heat flux on the wall with different air film pore sizes
图 19 不同气膜孔倾角壁面冷却效率云图
Figure 19. Contour of wall cooling efficiency with different air film pore inclination angles
图 20 不同气膜孔倾角壁面冷却效率曲线图
Figure 20. Diagram of wall cooling efficiency with different air film pore inclination angles
图 21 不同气膜孔倾角壁面辐射热流云图
Figure 21. Contour of radiant heat flux on the wall with different air film pore inclination angles
图 22 不同气膜孔倾角壁面辐射热流曲线图
Figure 22. Diagram of radiant heat flux on the wall with different air film pore inclination angles
图 23 不同主流组分壁面冷却效率云图
Figure 23. Contour of wall cooling efficiency with different mainstream components
图 24 不同主流组分壁面冷却效率云图
Figure 24. Diagram of wall cooling efficiency with different mainstream components
图 25 不同主流组分壁面辐射热流云图
Figure 25. Contour of radiant heat flux on the wall with different mainstream components
图 26 不同主流组分壁面辐射热流曲线图
Figure 26. Diagram of radiant heat flux on the wall with different mainstream components
表 1 进出口边界条件
Table 1. Import and export boundary conditions
边界 压力/Pa 温度/K 主流进口（压力进口） 427000 2100 主流出口（压力出口） 101325 293 冷气进口（压力进口） 607950 520 
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表 2 结构参数表
Table 2. Structural parameter table
D/mm α/（°） 主流气体组分 体积分数/% 2 15 纯空气 3 30 二氧化碳 10 水蒸气 5 氧气 17 氮气 68 4 45 二氧化碳 20 水蒸气 10 氧气 14 氮气 56
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