燃气轮机可倾瓦轴承-拉杆转子系统振动控制实验

韩东江; 蔡艺谋; 毕春晓; 杨金福

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240501

燃气轮机可倾瓦轴承-拉杆转子系统振动控制实验

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240501

韩东江^{1, 2,},
蔡艺谋³,
毕春晓⁴,
杨金福¹

1.
中国科学院工程热物理研究所，北京 100190
2.
中国科学院大学工程科学学院，北京 100049
3.
江苏海洋大学机械工程学院，江苏连云港 222005
4.
沈阳大学机械工程学院，沈阳 110044

基金项目: 航空发动机和燃气轮机重大专项（2017-Ⅳ-0010-0047）；中国科学院青年创新促进会项目（2021141）

详细信息

作者简介:
韩东江（1986-），男，副研究员，博士，主要从事轴承-转子动力学特性研究。E-mail：handongjiang@iet.cn

中图分类号: V231.9
计量
- 文章访问数: 444
- HTML浏览量: 236
- PDF量: 35
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-26
- 网络出版日期: 2024-11-07

Vibration control experiments of gas turbine tilting pad bearing-rod rotor system

1.
Institute of Engineering Thermophysics，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100190，China
2.
School of Engineering Science，University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China
3.
School of Mechanical Engineering，Jiangsu Ocean University，Lianyungang Jiangsu 222005，China
4.
School of Mechanical Engineering，Shenyang University，Shenyang 110044，China

摘要

摘要:
设计并搭建燃气轮机可倾瓦轴承-拉杆转子系统振动特性实验平台，开展拉杆转子模态实验、不同预紧力下振动特性实验和基于压电陶瓷微位移作动器的振动控制实验，实验结果表明：拉杆转子弯曲模态频率随预紧力增加而增加，拉杆预紧力矩从15 N·m增加到40 N·m，拉杆转子第1阶与第2阶模态频率分别增加2.66%和5.43%；拉杆转子系统前两阶临界转速下的不平衡响应随拉杆预紧力的增加而降低，在一定范围内，拉杆预紧力的增加能够推迟轴系出现低频涡动的起始转速，提高轴系的稳定性；压电陶瓷微位移作动器对拉杆转子不平衡响应振动控制具有积极作用。相关研究结果为后续开展拉杆转子系统耦合振动谐调控制提供了实验基础。
- 可倾瓦轴承 /
- 压电陶瓷 /
- 拉杆转子 /
- 模态实验 /
- 振动特性
Abstract:
An experimental platform for the vibration characteristics of the gas turbine tilting pad bearing-rod rotor system was designed and built. The modal experiment of the rod rotor, the vibration characteristics experiment under different pre-tightening forces and the vibration control experiment based on the piezoelectric ceramic micro-displacement actuator were carried out. The experimental results showed that the bending modal frequency of the rod rotor increased with the pre-tightening force. When the pre-tightening force of the rod increased from 15 N·m to 40 N·m, the first-order and second-order modal frequencies of the rod rotor increased by 2.66% and 5.43%, respectively. The unbalance response of the tie-rod rotor system at the first two critical speeds decreased with the increase of the pre-tightening force of the tie-rod, and the increase of the pre-tightening force of the tie-rod can delay the initial speed of the low-frequency whirl of the shafting and improve the stability of the shafting. The piezoelectric ceramic micro-displacement actuator had a positive effect on the vibration control of the unbalanced response of the tie rod rotor. The relevant research results provide an experimental basis for subsequent coordinated control of coupled vibration of the rod rotor system.
- tilting pad bearings /
- piezoelectric ceramics /
- rod rotor /
- modal experiment /
- vibration characteristics

HTML

图 1 高速电动机驱动的可倾瓦轴承-拉杆转子系统实验平台

Figure 1. Experimental platform of tilting pad bearing-rod rotor system driven by high-speed motor

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 拉杆转子结构示意图及实物图

Figure 2. Rod rotor structure diagram and physical diagram

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 传感器布置图

Figure 3. Sensor layout diagram

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 拉杆转子悬吊模态实验图

Figure 4. Rod rotor modal experiment diagram

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 拉杆转子模态频率随预紧力矩变化特性

Figure 5. Characteristics of rod rotor modal frequency with Preloading torque

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 可倾瓦轴承的主刚度和主阻尼系数随承载能力系数变化曲线

Figure 6. Main stiffness and main damping coefficient of tilting pad bearing change with bearing capacity coefficient

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 可倾瓦轴承的交叉刚度和交叉阻尼系数随承载能力系数变化曲线

Figure 7. Cross-stiffness and cross-damping coefficients of tilting pad bearings vary with load-carrying capacity coefficient

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 不同拉杆预紧力矩下转子升速过程不平衡响应（压气机端左45°位置）

Figure 8. Unbalanced response of the rotor during the acceleration process under different rod preloads （45° left of the compressor end）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 预紧力矩为25 N·m下升速过程轴心轨迹

Figure 9. Axis trajectory of the acceleration process under the preload of 25 N·m

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 低频涡动发生转速随预紧力矩变化规律

Figure 10. Variation law of low frequency whirl speed with preload force

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 含压电陶瓷微位移作动器的可倾瓦轴承示意图及实际结构图

Figure 11. Schematic diagram and actual structure diagram of tilting pad bearing with piezoelectric ceramic micro-displacement actuator

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 转子升速过程轴心轨迹

Figure 12. Axis orbits during the rotor acceleration process

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 不同驱动电压下拉杆转子不平衡响应的变化规律

Figure 13. Variation law of unbalanced response of tie rod rotor under different driving voltages

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 拉杆转子的关键尺寸

Table 1. Key dimensions of rod rotor mm

参数	数值
轴承跨距	859.50
压气机端长度	586.50
鼓筒长度	135.00
鼓筒内径	60.00
涡轮端长度	340.00
拉杆中心处直径	115.00
模化盘外径	144.00
压气机端拉杆直径	10.00
涡轮端拉杆直径	8.00
模化盘中心孔内径	14.00

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 可倾瓦轴承参数

Table 2. Tilting pad bearing parameters

参数	数值
轴承半径R/mm	30
轴承长L/mm	40
载荷/N	340.55
工作转速/（r/min）	36000
瓦块张角α/（°）	65
支点偏置	0.6
预负荷系数m	0.75
平均黏度μ_a/（mPa·s）	11.4997

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 不同预紧力条件下拉杆转子临界转速特征（压气机端左45°位置）

Table 3. Critical speed characteristics of rod fastening rotor under different preload conditions （45° left position of compressor end）

参数		预紧力矩/（N·m）
参数		25	30	35
临界转速/ （r/min）	第1阶	8520	8646	9074
临界转速/ （r/min）	第2阶	13510	13720	13875
临界转速对应的响应幅值/μm	第1阶	128.1	122.7	104.9
临界转速对应的响应幅值/μm	第2阶	112.4	105.1	92.3

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 压电陶瓷微位移作动器影响试验组

Table 4. Piezoelectric ceramic micro displacement actuator influence test group

实验序号	压电陶瓷微位移作动器参数		备注
实验序号	驱动器输入电压/V	作动器执行位移/μm	备注
1	0	0	闭环控制
2	30	2	闭环控制
3	50	3.3	闭环控制
4	70	4.7	闭环控制
5	80	5.3	闭环控制

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 升速过程不同驱动电压下前两阶临界转速的振动响应

Table 5. Vibration response of the first two critical speeds under different driving voltages during the acceleration process

实验序号	第1阶临界转速		第2阶临界转速
实验序号	转速/（r/min）（变化率）	振动幅值/μm（变化率）	转速/（r/min）（变化率）	振动幅值/μm（变化率）
1	6841	13.80	12239	10.95
2	6910（−1%）	9.50（31.16%）	12399（−1.3%）	7.9（27.85%）
3	6910（−1%）	10.52（23.77%）	12337（−0.8%）	8.65（21.00%）
4	6945（−1%）	11.08（19.71%）	12349（−0.9%）	9.40（14.16%）
5	6896（−1.5%）	12.35（10.51%）	12288（−0.4%）	10.34（5.57%）

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 降速过程不同驱动电压下前两阶临界转速的振动响应

Table 6. Vibration response of the first two critical speeds under different driving voltages during the deceleration process

实验序号	第1阶临界转速		第2阶临界转速
实验序号	转速/（r/min）（变化率）	振动幅值/μm（变化率）	转速/（r/min）（变化率）	振动幅值/μm（变化率）
1	6692	13.70	12163	11.09
2	6882（−2.8%）	9.95（27.37%）	12374（−1.73%）	8.35（24.71%）
3	6812（−1.8%）	10.99（19.78%）	12288（−1.03%）	8.66（21.91%）
4	6819（−1.9%）	11.44（16.50%）	12202（−0.32%）	9.39（15.32%）
5	6805（−1.7%）	12.48（8.9%）	12200（−0.30%）	10.03（9.56%）

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(21)

[1]	袁奇,高进,李浦,等. 重型燃气轮机转子结构及动力学特性研究综述[J]. 热力透平,2013,42(4): 294-301. YUAN Qi,GAO Jin,LI Pu,et al. A review for structure and dynamic characteristics of heavy-duty gas turbine rotor[J]. Thermal Turbine,2013,42(4): 294-301. (in Chinese doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-5549.2013.04.014 YUAN Qi, GAO Jin, LI Pu, et al. A review for structure and dynamic characteristics of heavy-duty gas turbine rotor[J]. Thermal Turbine, 2013, 42(4): 294-301. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-5549.2013.04.014
[2]	李浦,袁奇. 拉杆转子接触界面参数识别和动力学研究进展[J]. 西安交通大学学报,2023,57(10): 39-52. LI Pu,YUAN Qi. Research progress on interface parameter identification and dynamics of tie-bolt rotors[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2023,57(10): 39-52. (in Chinese doi: 10.7652/xjtuxb202310005 LI Pu, YUAN Qi. Research progress on interface parameter identification and dynamics of tie-bolt rotors[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2023, 57(10): 39-52. (in Chinese) doi: 10.7652/xjtuxb202310005
[3]	孟凡刚,冯永志,于宁,等. 燃气轮机典型故障统计分析及运行维护[J]. 电气时代,2020,1(1): 52-53,56. MENG Fangang,FENG Yongzhi,YU Ning,et al. Statistical analysis and operation maintenance of typical faults in gas turbine[J]. Electric Age,2020,1(1): 52-53,56. (in Chinese MENG Fangang, FENG Yongzhi, YU Ning, et al. Statistical analysis and operation maintenance of typical faults in gas turbine[J]. Electric Age, 2020, 1(1): 52-53, 56. (in Chinese)
[4]	XU Haoliang,YANG Lihua,XU Tengfei. Dynamic analysis of the rod-fastened rotor considering the characteristics of circumferential Tie rods[J]. Applied Sciences,2021,11(9): 3829. doi: 10.3390/app11093829
[5]	DU Bing,QIN Zhaoye,LU Qiuhai,et al. Dynamic modeling of tie-bolt rotors via fractal contact theory and virtual material method[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers: Part C Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,2022,236(11): 5900-5915. doi: 10.1177/09544062211064967
[6]	卢明剑,耿海鹏,徐国徽,等. 预紧饱和下盘式周向拉杆转子-轴承系统动力学特性分析及实验研究[J]. 振动工程学报,2014,27(1): 111-117. LU Mingjian,GENG Haipeng,XU Guohui,et al. Analytical and experimental study on dynamic characters of rod-fastening rotor-bearing system under saturated pretension[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering,2014,27(1): 111-117. (in Chinese doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-4523.2014.01.016 LU Mingjian, GENG Haipeng, XU Guohui, et al. Analytical and experimental study on dynamic characters of rod-fastening rotor-bearing system under saturated pretension[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2014, 27(1): 111-117. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-4523.2014.01.016
[7]	YANG Shixi,ZHOU Chen,HE Jun,et al. Dynamic characteristics of a rod-fastening rotor system with Tie rod bolt loosening[J]. Nonlinear Dynamics,2023,111(20): 18697-18723. doi: 10.1007/s11071-023-08848-2
[8]	王龙凯,王艾伦,金淼,等. 含内阻的拉杆组合转子双稳态振动特性[J]. 中国机械工程,2021,32(5): 512-522,564. WANG Longkai,WANG Ailun,JIN Miao,et al. Bistable vibration characteristics of rod fastening rotor with internal damping[J]. China Mechanical Engineering,2021,32(5): 512-522,564. (in Chinese doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2021.05.002 WANG Longkai, WANG Ailun, JIN Miao, et al. Bistable vibration characteristics of rod fastening rotor with internal damping[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 32(5): 512-522, 564. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2021.05.002
[9]	XU Xueping,HAN Qinkai. A general electromagnetic model and vibration control for shape deviations in PMSM supported by three-pole active magnetic bearings[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2021,158: 107710. doi: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2021.107710
[10]	QIN Hui,ZHENG Hongbo,QIN Wenyuan,et al. Lateral vibration control of a shafting-hull coupled system with electromagnetic bearings[J]. Journal of Low Frequency Noise,Vibration and Active Control,2019,38(1): 154-167. doi: 10.1177/1461348418811516
[11]	LU Qingxiong,LI Chao,ZHANG Yangyan,et al. Study on the vibration control method of a turboshaft engine rotor based on piezoelectric squeeze film damper oil film clearance[J]. Mechanical Sciences,2023,14(1): 237-246. doi: 10.5194/ms-14-237-2023
[12]	WANG Jun,ZHANG Xuening,LIU Yunfei,et al. Rotor vibration control via integral magnetorheological damper[J]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,2023,252: 108362. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2023.108362
[13]	KRAUS Z,KAREV A,HAGEDORN P,et al. Enhancing vibration mitigation in a Jeffcott rotor with active magnetic bearings through parametric excitation[J]. Nonlinear Dynamics,2022,109(2): 393-400. doi: 10.1007/s11071-022-07572-7
[14]	WU Huachun,YANG Tianshu,XIAO Weihu,et al. Online active vibration control for the magnetic suspension rotor using least mean square and polynomial fitting[J]. Nonlinear Dynamics,2024,112(9): 7029-7041. doi: 10.1007/s11071-024-09439-5
[15]	SIMÕES R C,STEFFEN V Jr,DER HAGOPIAN J,et al. Modal active vibration control of a rotor using piezoelectric stack actuators[J]. Journal of Vibration and Control,2007,13(1): 45-64. doi: 10.1177/1077546306070227
[16]	KLITNOI V,GAYDAMAKA A. On the problem of vibration protection of rotor systems with elastic adaptive elements of quasi-zero stiffness[J]. Diagnostyka,2020,21(2): 69-75. doi: 10.29354/diag/122533
[17]	CHEN Dongju,ZHANG Xuan,WANG Handong,et al. Unbalanced vibration suppressing for aerostatic spindle using sliding mode control method and piezoelectric ceramics[J]. Journal of Vibration and Control,2024,30(11/12): 2440-2453.
[18]	CHEN Dongju,WANG Handong,XIE Yinhui,et al. Regulating the vibration of aerostatic journal spindle based on piezoelectric ceramics[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Processes,2023,85: 1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2022.11.001
[19]	LI Jiaqi,YANG Zhongyu,REN Qingzhao,et al. Study on the bistable vibration behaviour of a rod-fastened rotor-bearing system[J]. Nonlinear Dynamics,2022,109(2): 609-629. doi: 10.1007/s11071-022-07501-8
[20]	BI Chunxiao,HAN Dongjiang,YANG Jinfu. The frequency perturbation method for predicting dynamic coefficients of supercritical carbon dioxide lubricated bearings[J]. Tribology International,2020,146: 106256. doi: 10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106256
[21]	毕春晓,韩东江,杨金福. 计算流体润滑频变动力学特性的一种完整变量扰动偏导数法[J]. 振动与冲击,2022,41(20): 68-77. BI Chunxiao,HAN Dongjiang,YANG Jinfu. A partial derivative method for frequency dependent dynamic coefficients embracing complete variables perturbation[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2022,41(20): 68-77. (in Chinese BI Chunxiao, HAN Dongjiang, YANG Jinfu. A partial derivative method for frequency dependent dynamic coefficients embracing complete variables perturbation[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2022, 41(20): 68-77. (in Chinese)