轴向冲击载荷下深沟球轴承的损伤及响应研究

金峰; 蔡振清; 谢志浩; 刘璐璐; 赵振华; 陈伟

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240508

轴向冲击载荷下深沟球轴承的损伤及响应研究

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240508

金峰^1,,
蔡振清¹,
谢志浩¹,
刘璐璐^1,*, ,,
赵振华²,
陈伟¹

1.
南京航空航天大学能源与动力学院航空发动机热环境与热结构工业和信息化部重点实验室，南京 210016
2.
南京航空航天大学机械结构力学及控制国家重点实验室，南京 210016

基金项目: 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（NC2022001）；国家科技重大专项（2017-Ⅴ-0006-0043）

详细信息

作者简介:
金峰（1999-），男，博士生，主要从事航空发动机结构抗冲击研究。E-mail：jin-feng@nuaa.edu.cn

通讯作者:
刘璐璐（1988-），女，研究员，博士，主要从事航空发动机结构抗冲击和复合材料冲击研究。E-mail：liululu@nuaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: V214.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-26
- 网络出版日期: 2024-11-14

Research on damage and response of deep groove ball bearings under axial impact load

1.
Aero-engine Thermal Environment and Structure Key Laboratory of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology，College of Energy and Power Engineering，Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics，Nanjing 210016，China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures，Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics，Nanjing 210016，China

摘要

摘要:
针对轴向冲击载荷下转子轴承的损伤和响应问题开展了研究，设计了一种试验室用模拟航空发动机轴承损伤试验台，并建立了基于plastic kinematic（PK）本构模型的轴承冲击有限元模型，研究了低、中、高这3种冲击速度下深沟球轴承的损伤和响应。结果表明：有限元仿真计算结果与试验误差在10%以内，随着冲击速度增大，轴承滚珠的损伤形式由细长的凹痕增大为区域型的凹坑，损伤产生的原因为由于变形引起的滚珠与轴承内外圈之间的挤压；不同速度的冲击过程中，最大应力总是出现在轴承滚珠上，且滚珠与轴承内外圈之间接触力及变化规律基本一致；保持架接合处和与滚珠接触的内圈位置为轴向载荷冲击下的塑性变形较大位置处。
- 轴向冲击载荷 /
- 深沟球轴承 /
- plastic kinematic (PK)本构模型 /
- 宏观损伤 /
- 动态响应
Abstract:
The damage and response of rotor bearing under axial impact load were studied. A test bench for simulating aero-engine bearing damage in laboratory was designed, and a finite element model of bearing impact based on plastic kinematic (PK) constitutive model was established. The damage and response of deep groove ball bearing under low, medium and high impact velocities were studied. The results showed that the error between the finite element simulation results and the experimental results was within 10%. As the impact velocity increased, the damage form of the bearing ball increased from a slender dent to a regional dent. The cause of the damage was the extrusion between the ball and the inner and outer rings of the bearing caused by deformation. During the impact process at different speeds, the maximum stress always appeared on the bearing ball, and the contact force and change rule between the ball and the inner and outer rings of the bearing were basically the same. The cage joint and the inner ring in contact with the ball were located at the position where the plastic deformation was large under the impact of axial load.
- axial impact load /
- deep groove ball bearing /
- plastic kinematic (PK) constitutive model /
- macroscopic damage /
- dynamic response

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图 1 轴承损伤试验装置

Figure 1. Bearing damage test device

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图 2 轴承损伤冲击试验件

Figure 2. Bearing damage impact test pieces

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图 3 轴承损伤冲击模型

Figure 3. Bearing damage impact model

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图 4 深沟球轴承模型

Figure 4. Deep groove ball bearing model

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图 5 不同速度外物冲击下轴承损伤对比

Figure 5. Comparison of bearing damage under impact of foreign objects at different speeds

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图 6 不同速度外物冲击过程应力响应

Figure 6. Stress response of foreign object impact process at different speeds

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图 7 不同速度外物冲击下滚珠的内能变化曲线

Figure 7. Internal energy change curve of ball under impact of foreign objects at different speeds

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图 8 不同速度外物冲击下滚珠与轴承内外圈之间的接触力

Figure 8. Contact force between ball and inner, outer rings of bearing under impact of foreign objects at different speeds

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图 9 不同速度外物冲击下轴承保持架上最大应力-时间历程

Figure 9. Maximum stress-time history on bearing cage under impact of foreign objects at different speeds

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图 10 不同速度外物冲击后轴承保持架的塑性应变云图

Figure 10. Plastic strain cloud diagram of bearing cage after impact of foreign objects at different speeds

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表 1 冲击试验工况

Table 1. Impact test conditions

编号	弹体质量/g	转速/（r/min）	冲击速度/（m/s）
1	75	3000	50
2			120
3			180

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表 2 网格划分

Table 2. Element mesh dividing

部件	网格数量	节点数量	最低雅克比
冲击弹体	40000	42081	0.70
转轴	21984	24680	0.69
轴承座	35000	41200	0.69
滚珠	484000	496201	0.82
保持架	11880	17710	0.85
轴承内外环	70000	79200	0.87

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表 3 转轴和轴承座的材料参数

Table 3. Material parameters of shaft and bearing seat

参数	数值
ρ/（kg/m³）	7850
E/GPa	200
ν	0.3

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表 4 尼龙弹体的材料参数^[20-21]

Table 4. Material parameters of nylon projectile^[20-21]

参数	数值
ρ/（kg/m³）	1093
E/GPa	450
ν	0.375
$ {\sigma }_{0} $/MPa	98
$ {{E}}_{\mathrm{t}} $/MPa	4.5
F_s	1.0

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表 5 GCr15的材料参数^[22]

Table 5. Material parameters of GCr15^[22]

参数	数值
ρ/（kg/m³）	7180
E/GPa	212
ν	0.29
$ {\sigma }_{0} $/MPa	230
$ {{E}}_{\mathrm{t}} $/MPa	610
β	0.766
F_s	0.41

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表 6 X5CrNi18的材料参数^[22]

Table 6. Material parameters of X5CrNi18^[22]

参数	数值
ρ/（kg/m³）	7930
E/GPa	194
ν	0.3
$ {\sigma }_{0} $/MPa	263.8
$ {{E}}_{\mathrm{t}} $/MPa	610
β	0.766
F_s	0.46

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表 7 损伤形式及尺寸对比结果

Table 7. Comparison results of damage form and size

冲击速度/ （m/s）	损伤形式	损伤尺寸/mm			误差/%
冲击速度/ （m/s）	损伤形式	描述	试验	仿真	误差/%
50	凹痕	长	1.03	0.96	6.6
120	凹痕	长	2.13	2.26	6.1
180	凹坑	长	3.04	3.24	6.6
180	凹坑	宽	2.08	1.93	7.2

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