不平衡磁拉力对航空发动机主轴直驱转子系统振动特性影响

黎仕才; 郝龙; 赵巍; 马英群; 任三群; 赵庆军

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240574

不平衡磁拉力对航空发动机主轴直驱转子系统振动特性影响

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240574

黎仕才^{1, 2, 3},
郝龙^{1, 2},
赵巍^{1, 2, 3},
马英群^{1, 2},
任三群^{1, 2},
赵庆军^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5,*, ,}

1.
中国科学院工程热物理研究所，北京 100190
2.
中国科学院轻型涡轮动力全国重点实验室，北京 100190
3.
中国科学院大学航空宇航学院，北京 100049
4.
济南先进动力研究所，济南 251410
5.
中国科学院分布式冷热电联供系统北京市重点实验室，北京 100190

基金项目: 国家科技重大专项（J2019-Ⅲ-0010-0054）；国家自然科学基金（52336002）

详细信息

作者简介:
黎仕才（1998-），男，博士生，研究方向为航空发动机转子动力学

通讯作者:
赵庆军（1977-），男，研究员、博士生导师，博士，研究领域为叶轮机械气动热力学。E-mail：zhaoqingjun@iet.cn

中图分类号: V231.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-08-19
- 网络出版日期: 2025-07-14

Vibration characteristics of aeroengine spindle direct-drive rotor system with unbalanced magnetic pull

LI Shicai^{1, 2, 3},
HAO Long^{1, 2},
ZHAO Wei^{1, 2, 3},
MA Yingqun^{1, 2},
REN Sanqun^{1, 2},
ZHAO Qingjun^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5,*
, ,}

1.
Institutes of Engineering Thermophysics，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100190，China
2.
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Light-duty Gas-turbine，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100190，China
3.
School of Aeronautics and Astronautics，University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China
4.
Jinan Institute of Advanced Gas-Turbine，Jinan 251410，China
5.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Distributed Combined Cooling Heating and Power System，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100190，China

摘要

摘要:
为研究动静混合偏心下起动发电机不平衡磁拉力（UMP）对发动机主轴转子系统动力学特性影响，采用有限元法，建立航空发动机主轴直驱多盘转子系统有限元模型，采用Newmark-β法求解考虑UMP和不平衡质量力作用下系统动力学方程。计算结果表明：UMP使发动机主轴直驱转子系统跨临界时振动幅值显著增大，轴心轨迹变为环状；转子系统中出现零频、供电频率、供电频率二倍频及其组合频率等频率成分；随初始静偏心的增加，转子系统振动幅值随之增加，进一步增大不平衡磁拉力，加剧转子振动，对转子轴心轨迹影响可忽略；随初始静偏心方向角的变化，转子系统位移频谱瀑布图出现周期性变化。相关研究成果可为航空发动机主轴直驱转子系统振动识别及控制提供参考。
- 多电航空发动机 /
- 主轴直驱转子系统 /
- 动静混合偏心 /
- 不平衡磁拉力 /
- 动力学特性
Abstract:
To study the influence of startup generator unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) on the dynamic characteristics of aeroengine spindle direct-drive rotor system under mixed dynamic and static eccentrics, the finite element method was used to establish a finite element model of aeroengine spindle direct-drive multi-disk rotor system, and the Newmark-β method was used to solve the system dynamic equations with consideration of the UMP and unbalanced mass force. The results showed that UMP made the aeroengine spindle direct-drive rotor system vibration amplitude increase significantly when crossing the criticality, and the axis orbit became annular. UMP caused the frequency components such as zero frequency, supply frequency, twice of supply frequency, and its combination frequency appeared in rotor system. With the increase of the initial static eccentricity, the vibration amplitude of the rotor system increased, leading to an increase in the UMP, which aggravated the rotor vibration. But it did not affect the shape of the axis orbit. With the change of the initial eccentricity direction angle, the displacement spectrum in the x direction and y direction changed periodically. The related research results can provide a reference for the vibration identification and control of aeroengine spindle direct-drive rotor system.
- more electric aeroengine /
- spindle direct-drive rotor system /
- mixed dynamic and static eccentrics /
- unbalanced magnetic pull /
- dynamic characteristics

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图 1 双转子航空发动机结构简图

Figure 1. Structure diagram of dual-rotor aeroengine

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图 2 高压转子系统有限元模型

Figure 2. Element model of high pressure rotor system

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图 3 起动发电机偏心转子气隙

Figure 3. Air-gap of starter generator eccentric rotor

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图 4 本文模型UMP计算结果

Figure 4. UMP calculated resultsof the model in this article

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图 5 转子系统Campbell图

Figure 5. Campbell diagram of rotor system

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图 6 不同转速下转子系统的位移响应

Figure 6. Displacement response of rotor system at different rotation speeds

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图 7 不同静偏心率下转子系统x方向位移频谱瀑布图

Figure 7. Waterfall plot of x-direction displacement spectrum of rotor system under different static eccentricities

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图 8 Ω=7 500 r/min时转子系统轴心轨迹

Figure 8. Axis orbit of the rotor system at Ω=7 500 r/min

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图 9 Ω=31 380 r/min时转子系统轴心轨迹

Figure 9. Axis orbit of the rotor system at Ω=31 380 r/min

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图 10 r₀/δ₀=0时转子系统x方向位移和UMP

Figure 10. Displacement and UMP in x-direction of the rotor system with r₀/δ₀=0

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图 11 Ω=7 500 r/min时转子系统不同静偏心下振动响应和不平衡激励变化曲线

Figure 11. Displacement and unbalanced excitation of the rotor system with different static eccentrics at Ω=7 500 r/min

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图 12 Ω=31 380 r/min时转子系统不同静偏心下振动响应和不平衡激励变化曲线

Figure 12. Displacement and unbalanced excitation of the rotor system with different static eccentrics at Ω=31 380 r/min

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图 13 Ω=7 500 r/min时不同初始静偏心角下转子系统轴系轨迹

Figure 13. Axis orbit of the rotor system for different initial static eccentricity angles at Ω=7 500 r/min

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图 14 Ω=31 380 r/min时不同初始静偏心角下转子系统轴系轨迹

Figure 14. Axis orbit of the rotor system for different initial static eccentricity angles at Ω=31 380 r/min

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图 15 Ω=5 950 r/min时不同静偏心角转子位移频谱瀑布图

Figure 15. Waterfall plot of rotor system displacement spectrum with different γ₀ at Ω=5 950 r/min

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图 16 Ω=7 500 r/min时不同静偏心角转子位移频谱瀑布图

Figure 16. Waterfall plot of rotor system displacement spectrum with different γ₀ at Ω=7 500 r/min

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图 17 Ω=31 380 r/min时不同静偏心角转子位移频谱瀑布图

Figure 17. Waterfall plot of rotor system displacement spectrum with different γ₀ at Ω=31 380 r/min

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图 18 不同转速下转子系统位移频谱瀑布图

Figure 18. Waterfall plot of rotor system displacement spectrum for different rotation speeds

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表 1 转子系统的结构参数

Table 1. Structural parameters of the rotor system mm

参数		数值
转轴外径	d_o1～d_o3	64
	d_o4～d_o7	88.2
	d_o8～d_o11	98
	d_o12～d_o16	71
	d_o17～d_o18	81
转轴内径	d_i1～d_i11	45
转轴内径	d_i12～d_i18	37
转轴单元长度	l₁～l₃	32
	l₄～l₇	36
	l₈	63
	l₉～ l₁₀	100
	l₁₁～ l₁₂	50
	l₁₃～ l₁₆	42.5
	l₁₇～ l₁₈	27

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表 2 转子系统材料参数

Table 2. Material parameters of the rotor system

参数	数值
弹性模量E/10¹¹ Pa	1.96
密度ρ/（kg/m³）	7800
泊松比υ₀	0.3

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表 3 转子系统集中质量参数

Table 3. Concentrated mass parameters of rotor system

刚性转盘	质量m/kg	直径转动惯量J_d/（kg·m²）	极转动惯量J_p/（kg·m²）
Disk 1（压气机）	25	0.545	1.09
Disk 2（磁钢）	6	0.007	0.014
Disk 3（一级涡轮）	14	0.289	0.578
Disk 4（二级涡轮）	10	0.208	0.416

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表 4 转子系统轴承参数

Table 4. Bearing parameters of the rotor system

轴承	支承刚度 k_xx/10⁷ （N/m）	支承刚度 k_yy/10⁷ （N/m）	阻尼c_xx/ （N·s/m）	阻尼c_yy/ （N·s/m）
1#	3	3	200	200
2#	2.3	2.3	200	200

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表 5 主轴直驱起动发电机基本参数

Table 5. Main parameters of spindle direct-drive starter generator

参数	数值
极对数p	4
空气磁导系数μ₀/10⁻⁷ （H/m）	4π
供电频率f_e/Hz	50
转子外径R/mm	49
初始气隙δ₀/mm	1.9
气隙轴向长度L/mm	200

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