Effect of inter-stage buffer volume on the volume coefficient of airborne micro high-pressure compressors
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摘要:
针对机载微型高压压缩机级间缓冲容积受限导致压缩机排气量下降的问题，通过构建多级压缩机热力学仿真模型，研究了级间缓冲容积及其前后级相位角对压缩机容积效率的影响。提出了一种考虑级间缓冲容积影响的气缸容积系数修正计算方法，并定义了相对级间缓冲容积来阐述容积系数随级间缓冲容积的变化规律。证明受限空间下压缩机级间缓冲容积存在最佳大小，可以指导机载微型压缩机设计。结果表明：造成压缩机排气量下降的主要原因为1、2级级间缓冲容积对1级气缸容积系数的影响；且其影响程度还与1、2级相位角有关。在级间缓冲容积不变的情况下，1级气缸容积系数随着1、2级相位角的增大呈先增后减的趋势，当1、2级相位角为0°～45°或270°～360°时，1级气缸容积系数最小，仅为0.626，当1、2级相位角越接近180°时，1级气缸容积系数越接近设计值0.733；随着级间缓冲容积的增加，前一级气缸容积系数的增大速度先快后慢，逐渐逼近设计值；相对级间缓冲容积在1～2的范围内最为合理，能够在保证气缸容积系数的同时节省压缩机设计成本。
Abstract:In response to the problem of the limited inter-stage buffer volume of the airborne micro high-pressure compressor leading to a decrease in compressor discharge flow, the effects of the inter-stage buffer volume and the phase angle between the front and rear stages on the compressor discharge flow were explored based on a multi-stage compressor thermodynamic simulation model. A calculation method for the compressor cylinder volume coefficient considering the effect of the inter-stage buffer volume was proposed, and the relative inter-stage buffer volume was defined to describe the variation pattern of volume coefficient with the inter-stage buffer volume. The existence of an optimal size of inter-stage buffer volume was proved, which supported the design process of airborne micro compressors. The research results were as follows: the main reason for the decrease in compressor discharge flow came from the inter-stage buffer volume between the 1st and 2nd stages, which affected the volume coefficient of the 1st stage cylinder; and the extent of the influence was determined by the phase angle between the 1st and 2nd stages. In the case of the constant inter-stage buffer volume, as the phase angle between the 1st and 2nd stages increased, the volume coefficient of the 1st stage cylinder initially increased and then decreased. When the phase angle between the 1st and 2nd stages was 0°—45° or 270°—360°, the volume coefficient of the 1st stage cylinder was 0.626 at the minimum. And when the phase angle was closer to 180°, the volume coefficient of the 1st stage cylinder was closer to the designed value of 0.733; with the enlargement of the inter-stage buffer volume, the volume coefficient of the front stage cylinder increased rapidly at first and then slowly, gradually approaching the designed value; the optimal range for the relative inter-stage buffer volume was between 1 and 2, which can minimize the compressor design costs while ensuring the volume coefficient of the cylinder.
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图 1 不同级间缓冲容积设置下的压缩机排气量
Figure 1. Compressor discharge flow at different inter-stage buffer volumes
图 4 1级气缸容积系数随1、2级相位角的变化
Figure 4. Change of the volume coefficient of the 1st stage cylinder with the increasing of phase angle between the 1st and 2nd stages
图 5 1级气缸容积系数随1、2级级间缓冲容积大小的变化
Figure 5. Change of the volume coefficient of the 1st stage cylinder with the enlargement of the buffer volume between the 1st and 2nd stages
图 6 1、2级相位角为0°时的1级气缸p-V图
Figure 6. p-V diagram of 1st stage cylinder when the phase angle between the 1st and 2nd stages is 0°
图 7 1级气缸容积系数修正计算结果验证
Figure 7. Verification for the calculation results of the volume coefficient of the 1st stage cylinder
表 1 压缩机设计参数
Table 1. Design parameters of the compressor
参数 数值 转速/（r/min） 754 进气压力/MPa 0.1 排气压力/MPa 28 设计排气量/（L/min） 112 
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表 2 压缩机基本热力学参数
Table 2. Thermodynamics parameters of the compressor
参数 数值 级数 1 2 3 单级压比 7.16 6.71 5.83 进气温度/K 313 313 313 气缸直径/mm 96 38 16 气缸行程容积/mL 202.67 31.76 5.63 相对余隙/% 8.6 9.5 15.0
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