Inverse calculation method of starting throttling for turbojet engine based on experimental data
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摘要:
为了提高基于部件法搭建的发动机起动过程性能计算的精度，基于功率提取法提出一种起动节流反算方法，明确起动过程的功率平衡关系，构建发动机起动共同工作方程组，从而依据起动过程供油量、转子加速率和起动机特性反向评估起动过程中的燃烧效率。基于相似原理，提出了换算扭矩缩放系数计算方法，完成了效率特性与扭矩特性的转换，并验证了该方法的有效性。进一步建立了点火前起动性能计算模型，实现了从零转速到慢车转速的起动仿真，并基于微型涡喷发动机整机试验数据对仿真模型进行验证，结果表明：起动过程中转速和
p 3的最大误差分别为2.81%和2.22%。该方法可以实现对起动过程的近似模拟，反算起动燃烧效率，此外还可以验证低转速区部件特性曲线的合理性，为其他类型航空发动机起动性能建模与验证提供参考。Abstract:In order to improve the accuracy of engine starting performance calculation based on the component method, a starting throttling inverse calculation method based on the power extraction method was proposed. It clearly defined the power balance relationship of the starting process, and established the nonlinear equations of the engine starting, so as to reversely evaluate the combustion efficiency based on the fuel flow, rotor acceleration rate and starter characteristics during the starting process. According to the similarity principle, the calculation method of converted torque scaling factor was proposed, the conversion between efficiency characteristics and torque characteristics was completed, and the effectiveness of the method was verified. Furthermore, a pre-ignition starting model was established, enabling the simulation of starting from zero to idle speed. The simulation model was validated based on the experimental data of a micro-turbojet engine, and the results showed that the maximum errors in the rotational speed and
p 3 during the starting process were 2.81% and 2.22%. This method allowed for an approximate simulation of the starting process and enabled the reverse calculation of combustion efficiency during that process. In addition, the plausibility of the sub-idle component characteristics can be tested. This method can provide a reference for modeling and validation of starting performance for other types of aerospace engines. -
图 1 低转速区压气机效率变化规律
Figure 1. Isentropic efficient for compressor at low-speed condition
图 12 扭矩特性和效率特性的计算结果对比
Figure 12. Comparison of calculation results of torque characteristics and efficiency characteristics
表 1 压气机不同工作状态下部件特性范围
Table 1. Characteristics of compressors under different working conditions
状态 压比 效率 压气机态 π > 1 η$\in $（0，1） 搅拌器态 π < 1 η$\in $（−∞，0） 涡轮态 π < 1 η$\in $（1，+∞） 
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表 2 涡轮不同工作状态下部件特性范围
Table 2. Characteristics of turbine under different working conditions
状态 压比 效率 涡轮态 π > 1 η$\in $（0，1） 搅拌器态 π > 1 η$\in $（−∞，0） 压气机态 π < 1 η$\in $（1，+∞）
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表 3 微型涡喷发动机各截面符号定义
Table 3. Micro turbojet engine section symbol definition
截面 定义 0 流量管测量截面 1 进气道进口 2 进气道出口/离心压气机进口 3 离心压气机扩压器出口/燃烧室进口 4 燃烧室出口/涡轮进口 5 涡轮出口 9 尾喷管出口
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表 4 发动机非线性方程组求解方式
Table 4. Engine nonlinear equations solution
模式 被控参数 自变量 平衡方程数 稳态 nob Zc，T4，πt，n 4 起动节流反算 nob Zc，T4，πt，n，ηb 5 Wfb_ob
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表 5 发动机非线性方程组求解方式
Table 5. Engine nonlinear equations solution
模式 被控参数 自变量 平衡方程数 起动节流反算 nob Zc，T4，πt，n，ηb 5 Wfb_ob 起动性能计算 Wfb_ob Zc，T4，πt，n 4
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