Investigation on stability expansion of low-speed axial-flow compressor stage with controllable speed casing at design speed
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摘要:
采用数值模拟方法研究了可控转速机匣可转动环段不同转速对低速轴流压气机级的扩稳特性。结果表明：覆盖转子叶顶整个轴向弦长区域且与转子同向旋转的可控转速机匣可控制叶顶泄漏流动以实现扩稳。通过对间隙气流施加周向作用力，增加主流动量，抑制泄漏流与主流的动量比，改善泄漏涡的偏转，推迟二次泄漏的发生和主流/泄漏流交界面的前移，进而拓宽低速压气机级的稳定工作范围。可控转速机匣在保证压比基本不变的同时，随着可转动环段转速的提升，扩稳效果增强，可转动环段转速为转子设计转速时，低速压气机级的稳定工作裕度最多提高了30.86%。
Abstract:The influences of different rotating speeds of the rotatable ring of the controllable speed casing on the stability of the low-speed axial flow compressor were studied by numerical simulation. The results showed that the controllable speed casing, which covers the whole axial chord length region of the rotor tip and rotates in the same direction with the rotor, can control the tip leakage flow and realize the stability expansion. By applying external shear stress to the clearance flow, the controllable speed casing increased the mainstream momentum, suppressed the momentum ratio of the leakage flow to the mainstream, improved the deflection of the leakage vortex, and delayed the occurrence of secondary leakage and the forward movement of the mainstream/leakage flow interface, thus broadening the stable operating range of the low-speed compressor stage. While ensuring that the pressure ratio was basically kept unchanged, the stability expansion effect was enhanced with the increase of the rotatable ring speed. When the rotatable ring speed was the design speed of the rotor, the maximum stable operating margin of the low-speed compressor stage can be increased by 30.86%.
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图 5 低速压气机级数值与实验结果对比
Figure 5. Comparison of stage performance between calculation and experiment
图 6 可转动环段不同转速下压气机级特效曲线
Figure 6. Comparison of stage performance between different casing speed
图 7 可转动环段不同转速对低速压气机级稳定工作裕度和绝热效率的影响
Figure 7. $ \Delta {\delta _{{\text{SM}}}} $ and $ \Delta {\eta _{{\rm{AEI}}}} $ of different speed of controllable speed casing
图 8 机匣周向切应力的分布（qm=2.684 kg/s）
Figure 8. Circumferential shear stress distributions of casing （qm=2.684 kg/s）
图 9 转子叶片99%叶高处相对马赫数云图（qm=2.684 kg/s）
Figure 9. Relative Mach number contours at 99% span （qm=2.684 kg/s）
图 10 转子叶片99%叶高的静压系数分布
Figure 10. Static pressure coefficient distribution on rotor blade 99% span
图 11 转子叶顶泄漏流线（qm=2.684 kg/s）
Figure 11. Rotor tip clearance leakage streamlines （qm=2.684 kg/s）
图 12 低速压气机级叶顶泄漏三维结构示意图
Figure 12. Three-dimensional flow structure diagram of tip leakage flow
图 13 可转动环段不同转速对泄漏流质量流量的影响
Figure 13. Influence of different rotational speeds of the rotatable ring section on the mass flow rate of the leakage flow
图 14 可转动环段不同转速下叶顶区域主流与泄漏流的动量变化
Figure 14. $ {M_1} $, $ {M_2} $ and $ \varOmega $ under different speed of controllable speed casing
图 15 静子进口气流角及叶顶区域速度三角形
Figure 15. Stator inlet flow angle and change in velocity triangles of RC0.4 and RC1.0 for tip span region
图 16 沿叶片轴向弦长的熵云图分布（qm=2.684 kg/s）
Figure 16. Entropy distribution on crossflow planes （qm=2.684 kg/s）
图 17 静子总压恢复系数沿叶高分布
Figure 17. Radial distribution of stator total pressure recovery coefficient
表 1 低速轴流压气机主要几何和设计参数
Table 1. Main geometric and design parameters of low-speed axial-flow compressor
参数 数值 压气机外径/mm 500 轮毂比 0.75 设计转速/（r/min） 2400 设计流量/（kg/s） 2.9 转子/静子叶片数 60 转子展弦比 1.86 转子叶顶弦长/mm 36.3 转子叶顶间隙/mm 0.9 静子轮毂间隙/mm 0.7 
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