高温气体密封技术研究进展与变马赫数喷管应用分析

牛君豪; 郭永博; 张德龙; 王路凯

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240644

高温气体密封技术研究进展与变马赫数喷管应用分析

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240644

哈尔滨工业大学机电工程学院，哈尔滨 150001

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52275180）

详细信息

作者简介:
牛君豪（2001-），男，硕士生，主要研究方向为变马赫数喷管热密封组件性能。E-mail：18845560292njh@sina.com

通讯作者:
郭永博（1981-），男，教授，博士，主要研究方向为高超声速技术。E-mail：ybguo@hit.edu.cn

中图分类号: V432
计量
- 文章访问数: 184
- HTML浏览量: 186
- PDF量: 43
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-09-16
- 网络出版日期: 2026-02-12

Research progress of high-temperature gas sealing technology and application analysis of variable Mach number nozzle

School of Mechatronics Engineering，Harbin Institute of Technology，Harbin 150001，China

摘要

摘要:
综述了航空航天领域高温气体密封技术，包括耐高温胶黏剂、高温静密封、高温动密封技术及其泄漏理论、性能测试技术。归纳了国内外高温气体密封技术的主要研究成果，并分析了其在极端工况下高温变马赫数喷管大尺寸密封系统的适用性和优化潜力。近年来，耐高温胶黏剂的耐热性能提升、高温气体密封结构的改进、密封件的回弹性能、泄漏性能及耐磨性试验研究，以及高温气体密封件泄露模型的建立和密封性能测试平台的开发等方面取得了显著进展。极端工况下的大尺寸密封系统的研究尚处于发展阶段，未来高温变马赫数喷管密封系统的研究应聚焦于密封系统回弹性、密封效果维持、运动特性、失效机制和寿命预测，以推动相关领域技术的发展。
- 高温气体密封 /
- 高温变马赫数喷管 /
- 极端工况 /
- 大尺寸密封 /
- 密封系统
Abstract:
A comprehensive review of high-temperature gas sealing technologies in the aerospace industry, encompassing high-temperature-resistant adhesives, high-temperature static seals, and high-temperature dynamic sealing technologies, along with their associated leakage theories and performance testing methodologies, was performed. It synthesized the principal research findings on high-temperature gas sealing from both domestic and international sources, and evaluated their suitability and potential for optimization in large-scale sealing systems for high-temperature variable Mach-number nozzles under extreme operating conditions. Over recent years, there has been notable progress in several areas: enhancing the heat resistance of high-temperature-resistant adhesives, refining the structures of high-temperature gas seals, conducting experimental research on the resilience, leakage performance, and abrasion resistance of seals, establishing leakage models for high-temperature gas seals, and developing platforms for testing sealing performance. Despite these advancements, research on large-scale sealing systems under extreme conditions was still in a development phase. Future research on sealing systems for high-temperature variable Mach number nozzles should concentrate on resilience of the sealing system, maintenance of sealing effectiveness, motion characteristics, failure mechanisms, and life prediction. These focal points are crucial for advancing technologies in related fields.
- high-temperature gas sealing /
- high-temperature variable Mach number nozzle /
- extreme conditions /
- large-scale seal /
- sealing system

HTML

图 1 矩形柔壁喷管的结构示意图^[23]

Figure 1. Structure diagram of rectangular flexible wall nozzle^[23]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 变马赫数喷管柔壁型面变化示意图^[23]

Figure 2. Variable Mach number nozzle flexible wall profile change diagram^[23]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 航天飞机TPS系统界面^[58]

Figure 3. Space shuttle TPS system interface^[58]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 航天飞机使用的填隙式密封^[58]

Figure 4. Filling seals used in space shuttles^[58]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 PW F119发动机的最后一级旋转叶片周围的混合编织绳密封结构^[60]

Figure 5. Hybrid braided rope seal structure around the last rotating blade of the PW F119 engine^[60]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 航天飞机主起落架舱门密封^[65]

Figure 6. Sealing of space shuttle main landing gear door^[65]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 飞机主起落架舱门密封热障密封件结构^[68]

Figure 7. Sealing thermal barrier seal structure of aircraft main landing gear door^[68]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 飞机主起落架舱门密封气压密封件结构^[68]

Figure 8. Pressure seal structure of aircraft main landing gear door seal^[68]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 改进前热防护板和后壳之间连接部位密封结构^[69]

Figure 9. Sealing structure for improving the connection between the front thermal protection plate and the rear shell^[69]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 改进后热防护板和后壳之间连接部位密封结构^[69]

Figure 10. Improved sealing structure for the connection between the thermal protection plate and the rear shell^[69]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 X-38飞行器方向舵/尾翼密封结构^[70]

Figure 11. Seal structure of X-38 aircraft rudder/empennage^[70]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 基线式密封基准型的回弹性能测试^[72]

Figure 12. Resilience performance test of baseline seal^[72]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 改良型基线式密封结构^[76]

Figure 13. Improved baseline sealing structure^[76]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 密封件预加载器^[77]

Figure 14. Seal preloader^[77]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 冲压发动机栅板式密封结构^[79]

Figure 15. Grid plate seal structure of ramjet engine^[79]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 16 基线式密封件流动模型^[83]

Figure 16. Flow model of woven rope seals^[83]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 17 栅板式密封泄漏路径^[86]

Figure 17. Leakage path of grid seal^[86]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 18 密封件热压缩试验台^[72]

Figure 18. Thermal compression test bench for seals^[72]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 19 密封件高温摩擦磨损试验平台^[87]

Figure 19. High temperature scrub test platform for seals^[87]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 20 高温气体密封泄漏测试平台^[65]

Figure 20. High temperature gas seal leakage test platform^[65]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 21 基线式密封泄漏测试平台^[87]

Figure 21. Baseline seal leakage test platform^[87]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 22 密封件电弧喷射试验平台^[88]

Figure 22. Sealing arc spray test platform^[88]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 高温气体静密封结构对比

Table 1. Comparison of different high temperature gas static seals

密封类型	应用场景	工作条件	优缺点
填隙式密封	航天飞机瓦片缝隙密封	温度为153 ～1573 K，且能承受高气流压力	耐温性好，能够适应热膨胀，但安装复杂，成本高
编织纤维绳密封	航空发动机和工业管道的静密封	最高工作温度可达1088 K，压力达0.69 MPa	耐高温、低泄漏、良好的柔韧性和耐用性，但需要精确的预紧力和适当的配合
多重密封	用于航天器的热防护系统，如载人探索飞行器	能够承受再入大气层时的温度和压力	适应性强，但安装复杂和维护不方便

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 高温气体动密封结构对比

Table 2. Comparison of high temperature gas dynamic seal structure

密封类型	应用场景	工作条件	优缺点
基线式密封	航天器的可控表面，再入飞行器的垂直尾翼和方向舵/鳍结构	在再入阶段，密封件能承受最高温度达1310 K，以及大约0.0027 MPa的压力差	具有良好的柔性，适用于拐角密封，但存在隔热芯脱落和高温回弹性不足的问题
栅板式密封	高超声速飞行器的冲压发动机/超燃冲压发动机，飞行器机体	用于在高达1366 K或更高温度下工作，以及高达0.69 MPa的气体压力	具有较好的气密性和低泄漏率，但由于材料脆性，仅适用于平面，且占用空间较大

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(89)

[1]	DESKIN W, YANKEL J. Development of the F-22 propulsion system[R]. AIAA-2002-3624, 2002.
[2]	MCCLINTON C R. High speed/hypersonic aircraft propulsion technology development[C]//Advances on propulsion technology for high-speed aircraft. Ruislip, UK: Air Force Research Laboratory, Office of Scientific Research, European Office of Aerospace Research & Development, 2007.
[3]	ROUSER K, VINING C, MCAMIS R. Integrated technology investment plan for aeropropulsion testing at Arnold engineering development center[R]. New York, US: ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, 2007.
[4]	SMITH C, BERGMANN J, RIDDLE T. Current airframe propulsion integration testing techniques at AEDC[R]. AIAA-2004-6819, 2004.
[5]	BEALE D, ZELENAK M. Development and validation of a freejet technique for inlet-engine compatibility testing[R]. AIAA-1992-3921, 1992.
[6]	赵丽凤, 王逊, 刘小兵, 等. 涡轮-冲压组合发动机模态过渡段性能模拟和概念探讨[J]. 工程热物理学报, 1999, 20(1): 9-12. ZHAO Lifeng, WANG Xun, LIU Xiaobing, et al. Performance simulation and conceptualinvestigation of turbo ramjetengine in transition period[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 1999, 20(1): 9-12. (in Chinese doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-231X.1999.01.003 ZHAO Lifeng, WANG Xun, LIU Xiaobing, et al. Performance simulation and conceptualinvestigation of turbo ramjetengine in transition period[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 1999, 20(1): 9-12. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-231X.1999.01.003
[7]	HUANG Wei, YAN Li, TAN Jianguo. Survey on the mode transition technique in combined cycle propulsion systems[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2014, 39: 685-691. doi: 10.1016/j.ast.2014.07.006
[8]	刘增文, 王占学, 蔡元虎. 变循环发动机模态转换数值模拟[J]. 航空动力学报, 2011, 26(9): 2128-2132. LIU Zengwen, WANG Zhanxue, CAI Yuanhu. Numerical simulation on bypass transition of variable cycle engines[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2011, 26(9): 2128-2132. (in Chinese LIU Zengwen, WANG Zhanxue, CAI Yuanhu. Numerical simulation on bypass transition of variable cycle engines[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2011, 26(9): 2128-2132. (in Chinese)
[9]	彭强, 邓小刚, 廖达雄, 等. 半柔壁喷管气动设计关键控制参数研究[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2011, 29(1): 39-46, 84. PENG Qiang, DENG Xiaogang, LIAO Daxiong, et al. The primary parameters research on the aerodynamic designing of semi-flexible nozzle[J]. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2011, 29(1): 39-46, 84. (in Chinese doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-1825.2011.01.007 PENG Qiang, DENG Xiaogang, LIAO Daxiong, et al. The primary parameters research on the aerodynamic designing of semi-flexible nozzle[J]. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2011, 29(1): 39-46, 84. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-1825.2011.01.007
[10]	陈吉明, 吴盛豪, 廖达雄, 等. 0.6 m连续式跨声速风洞流场品质改进试验研究[J]. 南京航空航天大学学报, 2021, 53(2): 236-242. CHEN Jiming, WU Shenghao, LIAO Daxiong, et al. Experimental study for improving flow-field quality for 0.6 m continuous transonic wind tunnel[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 2021, 53(2): 236-242. (in Chinese CHEN Jiming, WU Shenghao, LIAO Daxiong, et al. Experimental study for improving flow-field quality for 0.6 m continuous transonic wind tunnel[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 2021, 53(2): 236-242. (in Chinese)
[11]	国务院. 国家重大科技基础设施建设中长期规划(2012—2030年)[J]. 信息技术与信息化, 2013(2): 7-13, 49.
[12]	国家自然科学基金委员会工程与材料科学部. 机械工程学科发展战略报告: 2021—2035[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2021.
[13]	JACKSON J O. Sealing means for the joints between the movable and stationary walls of an adjustable wind tunnel nozzle: US2486287[P]. 1949-10-25.
[14]	HOLDERER O C. Wind tunnel seal: US3174335[P]. 1965-3-23.
[15]	唐淋伟, 马东平, 于凤举, 等. 跨超音速风洞喷管段柔壁新型充气密封围带研制[J]. 润滑与密封, 2021(6): 126-130. TANG Linwei, MA Dongping, YU Fengju, et al. Development of a new type flexible wall inflatable seal shroud for tran-supersonic wind tunnel nozzle section[J]. Lubrication Engineering, 2021(6): 126-130. (in Chinese TANG Linwei, MA Dongping, YU Fengju, et al. Development of a new type flexible wall inflatable seal shroud for tran-supersonic wind tunnel nozzle section[J]. Lubrication Engineering, 2021(6): 126-130. (in Chinese)
[16]	李少龙, 李珍莲, 董红莉. 航空发动机耐高温橡胶密封圈性能试验研究[J]. 航空标准化与质量, 2019(2): 19-23. LI Shaolong, LI Zhenlian, DONG Hongli. Study on performance test of aero-engine high temperature resisting rubber sealing gasket[J]. Aeronautic Standardization & Quality, 2019(2): 19-23. (in Chinese LI Shaolong, LI Zhenlian, DONG Hongli. Study on performance test of aero-engine high temperature resisting rubber sealing gasket[J]. Aeronautic Standardization & Quality, 2019(2): 19-23. (in Chinese)
[17]	王立研, 王菁华, 杨炳尉. 高超声速飞行器控制面动密封技术[J]. 宇航材料工艺, 2016, 46(3): 1-6. WANG Liyan, WANG Jinghua, YANG Bingwei. Dynamic seal technology for control surface of hypersonic vehicles[J]. Aerospace Materials & Technology, 2016, 46(3): 1-6. (in Chinese doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2330.2016.03.001 WANG Liyan, WANG Jinghua, YANG Bingwei. Dynamic seal technology for control surface of hypersonic vehicles[J]. Aerospace Materials & Technology, 2016, 46(3): 1-6. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2330.2016.03.001
[18]	姜鹏, 匡宇, 谢小平, 等. 国外高超声速飞行器研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 飞航导弹, 2017(7): 19-24. JIANG Peng, KUANG Yu, XIE Xiaoping, et al. Research status and development trend of hypersonic vehicles abroad[J]. Aerodynamic Missile Journal, 2017(7): 19-24. (in Chinese doi: 10.16338/j.issn.1009-1319.2017.07.04 JIANG Peng, KUANG Yu, XIE Xiaoping, et al. Research status and development trend of hypersonic vehicles abroad[J]. Aerodynamic Missile Journal, 2017(7): 19-24. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16338/j.issn.1009-1319.2017.07.04
[19]	刘晓伟, 李永洲, 张蒙正, 等. RBCC进气道双流道变几何方案研究[J]. 航空动力学报, 2016, 31(11): 2659-2664. LIU Xiaowei, LI Yongzhou, ZHANG Mengzheng, et al. Investigation of variable geometry RBCC inlet with double passage[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2016, 31(11): 2659-2664. (in Chinese doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.2016.11.013 LIU Xiaowei, LI Yongzhou, ZHANG Mengzheng, et al. Investigation of variable geometry RBCC inlet with double passage[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2016, 31(11): 2659-2664. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.2016.11.013
[20]	郭荣荣, 金志光, 李猛, 等. 二元外并联RBCC进气道变几何方案研究[J]. 推进技术, 2017, 38(3): 481-488. GUO Rongrong, JIN Zhiguang, LI Meng, et al. Investigation of a 2D variable geometry over/under type inlet for RBCC[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2017, 38(3): 481-488. (in Chinese doi: 10.13675/j.cnki.tjjs.2017.03.001 GUO Rongrong, JIN Zhiguang, LI Meng, et al. Investigation of a 2D variable geometry over/under type inlet for RBCC[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2017, 38(3): 481-488. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13675/j.cnki.tjjs.2017.03.001
[21]	DUNLAP P, STEINETZ B, DEMANGE J. Further investigations of hypersonic engine seals[R]. AIAA-2004-3887, 2004.
[22]	CHUPP R E, HENDRICKS R C, LATTIME S B, et al. Sealing in turbomachinery[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 2006, 22(2): 313-349. doi: 10.2514/1.17778
[23]	尉成果, 张志利, 聂徐庆, 等. 基于应变-弯矩的半柔壁喷管大挠度变形重构研究[J]. 西北工业大学学报, 2022, 40(6): 1312-1319. YU Chengguo, ZHANG Zhili, NIE Xuqing, et al. A large-deflection deformation reconstruction method for semi-flexible plate nozzle based on strain-moment relationship[J]. Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 2022, 40(6): 1312-1319. (in Chinese doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2758.2022.06.014 YU Chengguo, ZHANG Zhili, NIE Xuqing, et al. A large-deflection deformation reconstruction method for semi-flexible plate nozzle based on strain-moment relationship[J]. Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 2022, 40(6): 1312-1319. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2758.2022.06.014
[24]	谢霜天. 耐高温树脂基型金属胶粘剂的制备与性能研究[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2018. XIE Shuangtian. Preparation and properties of heat resistant resin-based adhesives for bonding superalloy[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2018. (in Chinese XIE Shuangtian. Preparation and properties of heat resistant resin-based adhesives for bonding superalloy[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2018. (in Chinese)
[25]	陈孜, 张雷, 周科朝. 磷酸盐基耐高温无机胶黏剂的研究进展[J]. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2009, 14(2): 74-82. CHEN Zi, ZHANG Lei, ZHOU Kechao. Research progress of phosphate inorganic binder for high temperature resistance[J]. Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy, 2009, 14(2): 74-82. (in Chinese doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0224.2009.02.002 CHEN Zi, ZHANG Lei, ZHOU Kechao. Research progress of phosphate inorganic binder for high temperature resistance[J]. Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy, 2009, 14(2): 74-82. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0224.2009.02.002
[26]	杨文冬, 黄剑锋, 曹丽云, 等. 磷酸铝的制备及其应用[J]. 无机盐工业, 2009, 41(4): 1-3. YANG Wendong, HUANG Jianfeng, CAO Liyun, et al. Preparation and application of aluminum phosphate[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2009, 41(4): 1-3. (in Chinese doi: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2020.11.001 YANG Wendong, HUANG Jianfeng, CAO Liyun, et al. Preparation and application of aluminum phosphate[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2009, 41(4): 1-3. (in Chinese) doi: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2020.11.001
[27]	WANG Mingchao, LIU Jiachen, GUO Anran, et al. Preparation and performance of the room-temperature-cured heat-resistant phosphate adhesive for C/C composites bonding[J]. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 2015, 12(4): 837-845.
[28]	卓龙海, 寇开昌, 吴广磊, 等. 耐高温胶粘剂研究进展[J]. 中国胶粘剂, 2011, 20(1): 53-57. ZHUO Longhai, KOU Kaichang, WU Guanglei, et al. Research progress on high temperature resistance adhesives[J]. China Adhesives, 2011, 20(1): 53-57. (in Chinese doi: 10.13416/j.ca.2024.09.006 ZHUO Longhai, KOU Kaichang, WU Guanglei, et al. Research progress on high temperature resistance adhesives[J]. China Adhesives, 2011, 20(1): 53-57. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13416/j.ca.2024.09.006
[29]	SALVO M, RIZZO S, CASALEGNO V, et al. Shear and bending strength of SiC/SiC joined by a modified commercial adhesive[J]. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 2012, 9(4): 778-785. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2011.02739.x
[30]	COLOMBO P, RICCARDI B, DONATO A, et al. Joining of SiC/SiC_f ceramic matrix composites for fusion reactor blanket applications[J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2000, 278(2/3): 127-135. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3115(99)00268-8
[31]	NAITO K, ONTA M, KOGO Y. The effect of adhesive thickness on tensile and shear strength of polyimide adhesive[J]. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2012, 36: 77-85. doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2012.03.007
[32]	曲春艳, 毛勇, 王海民, 等. 高温固化结构胶粘剂现状及发展[J]. 化学与黏合, 1999, 21(2): 85-87. QU Chunyan, MAO Yong, WANG Haimin, et al. The present situation and the development trend of high temperature curing structural adhesive[J]. Chemistry and Adhesion, 1999, 21(2): 85-87. (in Chinese QU Chunyan, MAO Yong, WANG Haimin, et al. The present situation and the development trend of high temperature curing structural adhesive[J]. Chemistry and Adhesion, 1999, 21(2): 85-87. (in Chinese)
[33]	ANIKIN L T, KRARETSKII G T, KUZINA O A. Heat-resistant adhesive for joining of carbon materials[J]. Plaste Kautsh, 1992, 39(2): 54-56.
[34]	KOYAMA M, HATTA H, FUKUDA H. Effect of temperature and layer thickness on these strengths of carbon bonding for carbon/carbon composites[J]. Carbon, 2005, 43(1): 171-177. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.09.002
[35]	WANG Jigang, GUO Quangui, LIU Lang, et al. The preparation and performance of high-temperature adhesives for graphite bonding[J]. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2005, 25(6): 495-501. doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2005.01.006
[36]	WANG Jigang, JIANG Nan, JIANG Haiyun. The high-temperatures bonding of graphite/ceramics by organ resin matrix adhesive[J]. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2006, 26(7): 532-536. doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2005.07.005
[37]	张恩天, 陈维君, 李刚, 等. 俄罗斯的冷固化超高温胶粘剂[J]. 化学与粘合, 2003, 25(5): 242-244. ZHANG Entian, CHEN Weijun, LI Gang, et al. Low temperature curing and high temperature serving adhesives in Russia[J]. Chemistry and Adhesion, 2003, 25(5): 242-244. (in Chinese doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0017.2003.05.011 ZHANG Entian, CHEN Weijun, LI Gang, et al. Low temperature curing and high temperature serving adhesives in Russia[J]. Chemistry and Adhesion, 2003, 25(5): 242-244. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0017.2003.05.011
[38]	YU S H. Net-shape formation of bulk composite mate-rials via the pyrolysis of poly (siloxanes) filled with chemically active titanium and inactive silicon carbide fillers[D]. Newark, US: Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 1996.
[39]	HENAGER C H, JONES R H. Joining SiC ceramic using displacement reactions[R]. Westerville, US: American Ceramic Society, 1997.
[40]	PIPPEL E, WOLTERSDORF J, COLOMBO P, et al. Structure and composition of interlayers in joints between SiC bodies[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 1997, 17(10): 1259-1265. doi: 10.1016/S0955-2219(96)00228-2
[41]	PIVIN J C, COLOMBO P, SENDOVA-VASSILEVA M, et al. Ion-induced conversion of polysiloxanes and polycarbosilanes into ceramics: Mechanisms and properties[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 1998, 141(1/2/3/4): 652-662. doi: 10.1016/s0168-583x(98)00158-x
[42]	COLOMBO P, SGLAVO V, PIPPEL E, et al. Joining of reaction-bonded silicon carbide using a preceramic polymer[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 1998, 33(9): 2405-2412. doi: 10.1023/A:1004312109836
[43]	DANKO G A, SILBERGLITT R, COLOMBO P, et al. Comparison of microwave hybrid and conventional heating of preceramic polymers to form silicon carbide and silicon oxycarbide ceramics[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2000, 83(7): 1617-1625. doi: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01440.x
[44]	LEWINSOHN C A, COLOMBO P, REIMANIS I, et al. Stresses occurring during joining of ceramics using preceramic polymers[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2001, 84(10): 2240-2244. doi: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb00995.x
[45]	WEI Q, PIPPEL E, WOLTERSDORF J, et al. Interfacial SiC formation in polysiloxane-derived Si–O–C ceramics[J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2002, 73(2/3): 281-289. doi: 10.1016/s0254-0584(01)00395-9
[46]	SCHIAVON M A, RADOVANOVIC E, YOSHIDA I V P. Microstructural characterisation of monolithic ceramic matrix composites from polysiloxane and SiC powder[J]. Powder Technology, 2002, 123(2/3): 232-241. doi: 10.1016/s0032-5910(01)00461-2
[47]	WANG C, WANG J, PARK C B, et al. Cross-linking behavior of a polysiloxane in preceramic foam processing[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2004, 39(15): 4913-4915. doi: 10.1023/B:JMSC.0000035335.92101.7c
[48]	SUO Jun, CHEN Zhaohui, ZHENG Wenwei, et al. Effects of pyrolysis temperature and fillers on joining of ceramics via silicone resin[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2005, 15(6): 1322-1327.
[49]	ROCHA R M, SCHEFFLER M, GREIL P, et al. Obtenção de substratos cerâmicos no sistema Si-Al-O-N-C empregando polissiloxanos e carga de Si e Al₂O₃[J]. Cerâ mica, 2005, 51(317): 42-51. doi: 10.1590/s0366-69132005000100009
[50]	YUAN Xiaokun, CHEN Shu, ZHANG Xuehong, et al. Joining SiC ceramics with silicon resin YR3184[J]. Ceramics International, 2009, 35(8): 3241-3245. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2009.05.025
[51]	BERNARDO E, PARCIANELLO G, COLOMBO P, et al. SiAlON ceramics from preceramic polymers and nano-sized fillers: Application in ceramic joining[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2012, 32(7): 1329-1335. doi: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.02.035
[52]	WANG Mingchao, MIAO Ran, HE Junkai, et al. Silicon Carbide whiskers reinforced polymer-based adhesive for joining C/C composites[J]. Materials & Design, 2016, 99: 293-302. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.03.060
[53]	陆冬贞, 孙杰. 我国聚氨酯胶粘剂的发展现状及趋势[J]. 聚氨酯工业, 2006, 21(4): 1-6. LU Dongzhen, SUN Jie. Present conditions and trends of polyurethane adhesives in our country[J]. Polyurethane Industry, 2006, 21(4): 1-6. (in Chinese doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-1902.2006.04.001 LU Dongzhen, SUN Jie. Present conditions and trends of polyurethane adhesives in our country[J]. Polyurethane Industry, 2006, 21(4): 1-6. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-1902.2006.04.001
[54]	HERGENROTHER P M. The use, design, synthesis, and properties of high performance/high temperature polymers: an overview[J]. High Performance Polymers, 2003, 15(1): 3-45. doi: 10.1177/095400830301500101
[55]	孙宏杰, 杨士勇, 范琳. 耐高温聚酰亚胺胶黏剂的研究进展[J]. 宇航材料工艺, 2007, 37(6): 1-6. SUN Hongjie, YANG Shiyong, FAN Lin. High-temperature resistant polyimide adhesives[J]. Aerospace Materials & Technology, 2007, 37(6): 1-6. (in Chinese doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2330.2007.06.002 SUN Hongjie, YANG Shiyong, FAN Lin. High-temperature resistant polyimide adhesives[J]. Aerospace Materials & Technology, 2007, 37(6): 1-6. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2330.2007.06.002
[56]	CLAIR S T L, PROGAR D J. A novel addition polyimide adhesive[R]. NASA-TM-81976. 1981.
[57]	李春华, 齐暑华, 王东红. 耐高温有机胶粘剂研究进展[J]. 中国胶粘剂, 2007, 16(10): 41-46. LI Chunhua, QI Shuhua, WANG Donghong. Advances in high temperature resistance organic adhesives[J]. China Adhesives, 2007, 16(10): 41-46. (in Chinese LI Chunhua, QI Shuhua, WANG Donghong. Advances in high temperature resistance organic adhesives[J]. China Adhesives, 2007, 16(10): 41-46. (in Chinese)
[58]	CELAND J, IANNETTI F. Thermal protection system of the space shuttle[R]. NASA Contractor Report 4227, 1989.
[59]	ADAMS M L, OLSEN A, DAROLIA R, et al. High temperature braided rope seals for static sealing applications[R]. AIAA-1996-2910, 1996.
[60]	STEINETZ B M, ADAMS M L. Effects of compression, staging, and braid angle on braided rope seal performance[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 1998, 14(6): 934-940. doi: 10.2514/2.5387
[61]	OPILA E J, LORINCZ J A, DEMANGE J J. Oxidation of high-temperature alloy wires in dry oxygen and water vapor[R]. Washington, US: 206th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, 2004.
[62]	STEINETZ B M, DUNLAP P H JR. Rocket motor joint construction including thermal barrier: US6446979[P]. 2002-09-10.
[63]	FU J, GRAVES G. Thermal environments for space shuttle payloads[R]. AIAA-1985-6058, 1985.
[64]	MCANALLY B M. Space Shuttle Orbiter payload bay door mechanisms[R]. Washington US: The 13th Aerospace Mechanics Symposium, 1979.
[65]	STEINETZ B M. Seal technology for hypersonic vehi-cle and propulsion: an overview[R]. Hampton, US: Short Course on Hypersonics Structures and Materials, 2008.
[66]	CURRY D, LATCHEM J, WHISENHUNT G. Space shuttle orbiter leading edge structural subsystem development[R]. AIAA-1983-0483, 1983.
[67]	MCBRIDE D. Subsurface flow considerations in thermal protection design[R]. AIAA-1986-1261, 1986.
[68]	FINKBEINER J, DUNLAP P, STEINETZ B, et al. Investigations of shuttle main landing gear door environmental seals[R]. AIAA-2005-4155, 2005.
[69]	DEMANGE J, TAYLOR S, DUNLAP P, et al. Overview of CEV thermal protection system seal development[R]. Washington, US: 2008 NASA Seal/Secondary Air System Workshop, 2008.
[70]	DUNLAP JR P, STEINETZ B, CURRY D, et al. Further investigations of control surface seals for the X-38 re-entry vehicle[R]. AIAA-2001-3628, 2001.
[71]	DUNLAP JR P, STEINETZ B, CURRY D. Rudder/fin seal investigations for the X-38 re-entry vehicle[R]. AIAA-2000-3508, 2000.
[72]	TAYLOR S, DUNLAP P, DEMANGE J, et al. Evaluation of high temperature knitted spring tubes for structural seal applications[R]. AIAA-2004-3890, 2004.
[73]	TAYLOR S. Evaluation of material substitution in knitted spring tubes for advanced structural seals[R]. AIAA-2006-0354, 2006.
[74]	TAYLOR S, DEMANGE J, DUNLAP P, et al. Further investigations of high temperature knitted spring tubes for advanced control surface seal applications[R]. AIAA-2005-4154, 2005.
[75]	DEMANGE J, DUNLAP P, STEINETZ B. Improved seals for high temperature airframe applications[R]. AIAA-2006-4935, 2006.
[76]	DEMANGE J J, DUNLAP JR P H, STEINETZ B M. Advanced control surface seal development for future space vehicles[R]. NASA/TM-2004-212898, 2004.
[77]	OSWALD J, MULLEN R, DUNLAP P, et al. Modeling and evaluation of canted coil springs as high temperature seal preloading devices[R]. AIAA-2004-3889, 2004.
[78]	DUNLAP P, STEINETZ B, DEMANGE J. Toward an improved hypersonic engine seal[R]. AIAA-2003-4834, 2003.
[79]	STEINETZ B M, DELLACORTE C, TONG M. High temperature NASP engine seals: a technology re-view[R]. Monterey, US: National Aerospace Plane Technology Symposium, 1991.
[80]	STEINETZ B M, SIROCKY P J. High temperature flexible seal: US4917302[P]. 1990-04-17.
[81]	DUNLAP JR P H, STEINETZ B M, DEMANGE J J. High temperature propulsion system structural seals for future space launch vehicles[R]. Washington, US: 3rd Modeling and Simulation Joint Subcommittee Meeting, 2004.
[82]	DUNLAP JR P H, DEMANGE J, STEINETZ B. Performance evaluations of ceramic wafer seals[R]. AIAA-2006-4934, 2006.
[83]	MUTHARASAN R, STEINETZ B M, TAO Xiaoming, et al. Development of braided rope seals for hypersonic engine applications- Flow modeling[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 1993, 9(3): 456-461. doi: 10.2514/3.23643
[84]	STEINETZ B M, DUNLAP P H. Development of thermal barriers for solid rocket motor nozzle joints[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 2001, 17(5): 1023-1034. doi: 10.2514/2.5840
[85]	CAI Zhong, MUTHARASAN R, KO F K, et al. Development of hypersonic engine seals-flow effects of preload and engine pressures[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 1994, 10(6): 884-889. doi: 10.2514/6.1993-1998
[86]	STEINETZ B M, MUTHARASAN R, DU G W, et al. Engine panel seals for hypersonic engine applications: high temperature leakage assessments and flow model-ling[R]. NASA-TM-105260, 1992.
[87]	TAYLOR S, DUNLAP P, DEMANGE J, et al. Evaluation of high temperature knitted spring tubes for structural seal applications[R]. AIAA-2004-3890, 2004.
[88]	DEMANGE J J, DUNLAP JR P H, STEINETZ B M, et al. Update on the development and capabilities of unique structural seal test rigs[R]. Washington, US: 2002 NASA Seal/Secondary Air System Workshop, 2002.
[89]	FINKBEINER J, DUNLAP P, STEINETZ B, et al. On the development of a unique arc jet test apparatus for control surface seal evaluations[R]. AIAA-2004-3891, 2004.