高温气冷堆氦气透平中石墨粉尘沉积特性研究

王晓钟; 孙琦; 彭威; 祝银海; 姜培学

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240663

高温气冷堆氦气透平中石墨粉尘沉积特性研究

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240663

王晓钟^1,,
孙琦¹,
彭威^1,*, ,,
祝银海²,
姜培学²

1.
清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院，北京 100084
2.
清华大学能源与动力工程系，北京 100084

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52306200，52176158）；中核领创科研项目（CNNC-LCKY-2024-001）

详细信息

作者简介:
王晓钟（1998-），男，博士生，主要从事高温气冷堆中石墨粉尘行为研究。E-mail：xiaozhong21@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn

通讯作者:
彭威（1982-），男，副教授，博士，主要从事反应堆热工水力学研究。E-mail：pengwei@tsinghua.edu.cn

中图分类号: V231.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-09-26
- 网络出版日期: 2025-07-31

Deposition characteristics of graphite dust in helium turbine of an HTGR

1.
Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology，Tsinghua University，Beijing 100084，China
2.
Department of Energy and Power Engineering，Tsinghua University，Beijing 100084，China

摘要

摘要:
针对石墨粉尘在高温气冷堆（HTGR）氦气透平内沉积影响性能与维护的问题，通过数值模拟的方法研究了石墨粉尘颗粒在具有气膜冷却的氦气透平叶片表面上的运动沉积行为，考虑了颗粒与壁面之间的反弹作用以及流场对沉积颗粒的起尘作用，建立了石墨粉尘颗粒的沉积-重悬浮模型。研究结果表明：对于氦气透平叶片，吸力面几乎没有颗粒发生撞击，因此基本没有颗粒沉积。而压力面的颗粒沉积主要集中在中部，末端由于切应力较大，颗粒重悬浮效应较为明显。小颗粒由于惯性较小，更容易在反向对漩涡的影响下发生沉积，其沉积率主要受到碰撞率的影响；大颗粒由于临界沉积速度较小，所以沉积率显著低于小颗粒，其沉积率主要受到黏附率的影响；随着吹风比的增加，气膜的卷吸作用增强，使得小颗粒的沉积率不断增加。
- 高温气冷堆（HTGR） /
- 氦气透平 /
- 石墨粉尘 /
- 沉积 /
- 重悬浮
Abstract:
To address the issue of graphite dust deposition within the helium turbine of high-temperature reactors (HTGR) impacting performance and maintenance, the motion and deposition behaviors of graphite dust particles on the helium turbine walls with film cooling were investigated by numerical simulations. The rebound effects between the particles and the wall, as well as the resuspension of deposited particles caused by the flow field were considered. A deposition-resuspension model for graphite dust particles was established. The results indicated that due to the shape of the turbine blades, almost no particles impacted the suction surface, leading to no particle deposition. Due to higher shear stress at the trailing edge, the deposition on the pressure surface mainly concentrated at the middle. Small particles with lower inertia were more prone to deposition under the influence of counter-rotating vortices, and their deposition rate was primarily influenced by the collision rate. Larger particles with a lower critical deposition velocity exhibited a significantly lower deposition rate, which was mainly affected by the adhesion rate. As the blowing ratio increased, the entrainment effect of the cooling film intensified, resulting in a continuous increase in the deposition rate of smaller particles.
- high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) /
- helium turbine /
- graphite dust /
- deposition /
- resuspension

HTML

图 1 计算域

Figure 1. Computational domain

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图 2 计算使用的网格

Figure 2. Mesh for calculation

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图 3 计算程序

Figure 3. Calculator program

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图 4 颗粒-壁面和颗粒-流体之间的相互作用

Figure 4. Interaction between particles-wall and particles-fluid

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图 5 截面上的压力分布

Figure 5. Pressure distribution on the cross-section

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图 6 截面上的速度分布

Figure 6. Velocity distribution on the cross-section

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图 7 高吹风比下的脱离壁面现象

Figure 7. Detachment phenomenon at high blowing ratio

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图 8 透平表面温度分布

Figure 8. Temperature distribution on the surface of the turbine

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图 9 叶片表面的碰撞位置分布

Figure 9. Collision distribution on the surface of the turbine

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图 10 透平表面沉积分布

Figure 10. Deposition distribution on the surface of the turbine

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图 11 透平表面切应力分布

Figure 11. Distribution of shear stress on turbine surface

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图 12 颗粒的沉积率、碰撞率与黏附率

Figure 12. Deposition rate, adhesion rate and collision rate of different size particles

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图 13 颗粒沉积率随吹风比的变化

Figure 13. Deposition rate of particles with blowing ratio

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表 1 计算条件

Table 1. Calculation conditions

参数	数值
入口氦气温度/K	1223.15
入口氦气流速/（m/s）	140
出口压力/MPa	7
冷却流入口温度/K	523.15
吹风比	0.5
	1.0
	1.5
	2.0
颗粒密度/（kg/m³）	2 000
颗粒直径/μm	1，2，3，5，7，9

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