风扇叶片鸟撞最危险工况及损伤评估方法

刘松正; 韦日光; 赵迎春; 高阳; 罗刚

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240685

风扇叶片鸟撞最危险工况及损伤评估方法

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240685

刘松正^{1, 2},
韦日光^{3, 1},
赵迎春^{1, 2},
高阳^{1, 2,*, ,},
罗刚⁴

1.
中国航发贵阳发动机设计研究所，贵阳 550081
2.
贵州省航空发动机转子结构完整性全省重点实验室，贵阳 550081
3.
南京航空航天大学能源与动力学院，南京 210016
4.
南京航空航天大学机械结构力学及控制国家重点实验室，南京 210016

详细信息

作者简介:
刘松正（1995-），男，工程师，硕士，主要从事航空发动机结构强度与振动研究

通讯作者:
高阳（1979-），男，研究员，博士，主要从事航空发动机结构强度寿命与可靠性研究。E-mail：buaagy@sina.com

中图分类号: V232.4
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-10-09
- 网络出版日期: 2026-04-27

Most critical conditions and damage assessment methods for bird strike on fan blades

Liu Songzheng^{1, 2},
Wei Riguang^{3, 1},
Zhao Yingchun^{1, 2},
Gao Yang^{1, 2,*
, ,},
Luo Gang⁴

1.
Guiyang Engine Design Research Institute，Aero Engine Corporation of China，Guiyang 550081，China
2.
Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Structural Integrity of Aero Engine Rotor，Guiyang 550081，China
3.
College of Energy and Power Engineering，Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics，Nanjing 210016，China
4.
State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures，Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics，Nanjing 210016，China

摘要

摘要:
通过建立航空发动机风扇叶片鸟撞过程的数学模型，提出了一种量化风扇叶片鸟撞损伤的分析方法。基于鸟撞过程的动能和叶片抗鸟撞关键结构参数，定义了鸟撞等效应力反映风扇叶片鸟撞损伤程度和叶片抗鸟撞能力。对发动机真实风扇叶片在不同工况下的鸟撞损伤进行了系统分析，明确了不同发动机状态下风扇叶片鸟撞的最危险工况。研究表明：风扇转速、飞机飞行速度、撞击位置以及叶片前缘角和前缘厚度共同影响风扇叶片的鸟撞损伤；不同工况下的最危险撞击位置可能不同，鸟体质量的改变不会影响最危险撞击位置。鸟撞等效应力可快速分析风扇叶片抗鸟撞能力并确定最危险工况，为设计优化阶段的评估和试验考核方案的选取提供高效分析手段。
- 风扇叶片 /
- 鸟撞 /
- 最危险工况 /
- 损伤评估 /
- 数学模型
Abstract:
By establishing a mathematical model of the bird strike process of aero engine fan blades, an analytical method to quantify the bird strike damage of fan blades was proposed. Based on the kinetic energy of the bird strike process and the key structural parameters of the blade’s resistance to bird strike, the equivalent stress of bird strike was defined to reflect the damage level of the fan blades and their resistance to bird strike capability. And a systematic analysis of bird strike damage to the actual fan blades of an engine under different working conditions was conducted, clarifying the most critical working conditions for bird strike on fan blades under different engine states. The research shows that the fan rotate speed, aircraft flight speed, as well as the blade leading edge angle and thickness all jointly influence the bird strike damage to fan blades. The most critical impact position under different working conditions may vary. Changes in the mass of the bird do not affect the most critical impact position. The equivalent stress of bird strike can quickly analyze the resistance of fan blades to bird strike and determine the most critical working conditions, providing an efficient analytical tool for the evaluation during the design optimization phase and the selection of test assessment schemes.
- fan blades /
- bird strike /
- most critical conditions /
- damage assessment /
- mathematical model

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图 1 风扇叶片鸟撞理论分析模型

Figure 1. Theoretical analysis model for fan blade bird strike

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图 2 鸟体与风扇叶片相对撞击速度

Figure 2. Relative impact velocity between the bird and fan blade

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图 3 可能最大撞击质量

Figure 3. The maximum possible impact mass

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图 4 撞击能与飞机速度函数图像

Figure 4. Graph of impact energy as a function of aircraft velocity

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图 5 不同工况下的最危险撞击位置

Figure 5. The most critical impact locations under different working conditions

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图 6 鸟撞80%叶高各状态下有效塑性应变云图

Figure 6. Contour diagram of effective plastic strain under various conditions at 80% blade height during bird strike

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图 7 状态B下不同撞击位置有效塑性应变云图

Figure 7. Contour diagram of effective plastic strain at different impact locations under condition B

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图 8 鸟撞80%叶高各状态下叶片开口局部特写

Figure 8. Close-up of the blade opening at 80% blade height under various states of bird strike

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图 9 状态A下不同质量的鸟撞击80%叶高的有效塑性应变云图

Figure 9. Effective plastic strain contour diagram for bird strikes at 80% blade height in condition A for different bird masses

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表 1 考虑鸟撞叶片变形前后的最危险飞行速度

Table 1. Consider the most critical flight speed before and after bird strike blade deformation

叶尖线速度 $ {v}_{\text{b}} $/（m/s）	考虑叶片变形前后叶尖前缘角$ \alpha $/（°）	最危险飞行速度 $ {v}_{1} $/（m/s）
250	50	70
250	20	229
500	50	140
500	20	458

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表 2 各状态下发动机风扇转速及飞机飞行速度

Table 2. Engine fan rotate speed and aircraft flight speed in various conditions

状态	工况	风扇转速/（rad/s）	叶尖线速度/（m/s）	叶根线速度/（m/s）	飞机飞行速度/（m/s）
A	初始爬升	1050	399	153	100
B	3 000 m内巡航	950	361	138	160
C	1 500 m内下滑	890	338	130	70
D	低空突防	1100	418	160	300

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表 3 状态A下不同飞机飞行速度鸟撞损伤指标对比

Table 3. Comparison of bird strike damage indicators at different aircraft flight speeds under condition A

飞机飞行速度/ （m/s）	鸟撞等效应力/ GPa	最大撞击力/ kN
80	3404	44
100	3326	67
120	3013	72

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表 4 100 m/s速度不同状态下鸟撞损伤指标对比

Table 4. Comparison of bird strike damage indicators at 100 m/s under different conditions

状态	鸟撞等效应力/GPa	有效塑性应变
A	3326	0.77
B	2608	0.62
C	2193	0.57
D	3695	0.53

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表 5 状态A下不同质量鸟撞损伤指标对比

Table 5. Comparison of bird strike damage indicators for different bird masses under condition A

质量/g	损伤指标	撞击叶高/%
质量/g	损伤指标	80	70	60
100	鸟撞等效应力/GPa	1443	1164	954
100	有效塑性应变	0.52	0.45	0.39
350	鸟撞等效应力/GPa	3326	2684	2199
350	有效塑性应变	0.77	0.60	0.45
1000	鸟撞等效应力/GPa	6697	5404	4427
1000	有效塑性应变	1.25	0.68	0.49

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