考虑形心与质心分离的转子装配精度建模方法

高越; 张维; 刘萌; 孙惠斌

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240708

考虑形心与质心分离的转子装配精度建模方法

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240708

高越^1,,
张维¹,
刘萌²,
孙惠斌^1,*, ,

1.
西北工业大学航空发动机高性能制造工业和信息化部重点实验室，西安 710072
2.
中国航发南方工业有限公司，湖南株洲 412002

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52475540）；国家科技重大专项（J2022-Ⅶ-0001-0043）

详细信息

作者简介:
高越（1997-），男，硕士生，主要从事航空发动机装配相关研究。E-mail：gaolengy@163.com

通讯作者:
孙惠斌（1977-），男，教授、博士生导师，博士，主要从事智能制造、航空发动机装配研究。E-mail：sun_huibin@nwpu.edu.cn

中图分类号: V263.2⁺3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-10-16
- 网络出版日期: 2025-07-14

Modeling method for rotor assembly accuracy considering the separation of center of figure and center of mass

GAO Yue^1
,,
ZHANG Wei¹,
LIU Meng²,
SUN Huibin^{1,*
, ,}

1.
Key Laboratory of High Performance Manufacturing for Aeroengine，Ministry of Industry and Information Technology，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 710072，China
2.
South Industry Company Limited，Aero Engine Corporation of China，Zhuzhou Hunan 412002，China

摘要

摘要:
以航空发动机转子装配过程为研究对象，运用空间向量变换及形位公差理论，提出了一种考虑形心与质心分离的航空发动机转子装配同轴度偏差和初始不平衡量建模方法，该方法将几何偏差测量和不平衡量测量进行关联统一，基于基准误差修正方法进行零件建模，以各级轮盘装配相位作为工艺变量，建立了基于罗德里格公式的误差传递模型。试验结果表明：经基准误差修正的转子特征测量一致性优于2 μm，偏差传递模型平均预测误差约为8%，初始不平衡量优化效果好于25%，有效提高了航发转子的装配精度和装配效率，可为航发转子装配工艺优化提供理论支撑。
- 装配精度建模 /
- 航空发动机转子 /
- 多级轮盘 /
- 实测数据 /
- 几何偏差 /
- 质量偏差
Abstract:
Focusing on the aero-engine rotor assembly process, a modeling method for the coaxiality deviation and initial unbalance of aero-engine rotor assembly considering the separation of center of figure and center of mass was proposed using spatial vector transformation and geometric tolerance theory. By combining geometric deviation measurement and unbalance measurement, this method modeled the parts based on the benchmark error correction. The assembly phase of each level of disc was taken as the process variable, and an error transfer model based on the Rodrigues formula was established. The experimental results showed that the consistency of rotor feature measurement after benchmark error correction was better than 2 μm, the average prediction error of the deviation transfer model was about 8%, and the optimization effect of initial unbalance was better than 25%. These results could effectively improve the assembly accuracy and efficiency of aero-engine rotor, providing a theoretical support for the optimization of aircraft rotor assembly process.
- assembly accuracy modeling /
- aero-engine rotor /
- multi-stage discs /
- actual measurement data /
- geometric deviation /
- quality deviation

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图 1 研究总体方案

Figure 1. Overall research plan

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图 2 典型过盈止口连接转子简图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of a typical interference fit rabbet connection rotor

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图 3 装配数据分类

Figure 3. Assembly data classification

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图 4 止口连接结构示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of rabbet structure

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图 5 几何偏差测量系统

Figure 5. Geometric deviation measurement system

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图 6 不平衡量数据采集需求

Figure 6. Unbalanced data collection requirements

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图 7 不平衡量的测量

Figure 7. Measurement of unbalanced quantity

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图 8 单级轮盘测量状态

Figure 8. Single disc measurement status

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图 9 基准误差修正过程

Figure 9. Reference error correction process

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图 10 盘轴类轮盘结构

Figure 10. Structure of disc-shaft part

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图 11 两阶几何偏差模型

Figure 11. Two order geometric deviation model

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图 12 质心偏差模型

Figure 12. Deviation model of center of mass

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图 13 坐标系统一

Figure 13. Unified coordinate system

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图 14 单级轮盘偏差模型分类

Figure 14. Classification of single disc deviation model

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图 15 主堆叠线与分支堆叠线

Figure 15. Main stacking line and branch stacking line

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图 16 两级轮盘堆叠模型

Figure 16. Two discs stacking model

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图 17 多级轮盘堆叠模型

Figure 17. Multi discs stacking model

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图 18 不平衡矢量分布

Figure 18. Distribution of unbalanced vectors

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图 19 不平衡矢量分解

Figure 19. Decomposition of unbalanced vectors

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图 20 模拟转子

Figure 20. Simulation rotor

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图 21 单级轮盘测量

Figure 21. Single disc measurement

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图 22 偏心测量对比结果

Figure 22. Comparison result of eccentricity measurement

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图 23 模拟件装配过程

Figure 23. Simulated component assembly process

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图 24 组件测量点位

Figure 24. Assembly measurement points

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图 25 组件偏心预测偏差

Figure 25. Component eccentricity prediction error

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表 1 5&6级盘重复测量结果

Table 1. Repeated measurement results of 5&6 disc

试验次数	下端面法向量a	圆心连线向量u	上端面法向量v
1	（3.39×10⁻²¹, −4.08×10⁻¹⁷, 1）	（46.25, 13.33, 1.32×10⁵）	（1.54×10⁻⁴, −8.91×10⁻⁵, 1）
2	（−3.39×10⁻²¹, 1.03×10⁻¹⁶, 1）	（46.37, 13.20, 1.32×10⁵）	（1.48×10⁻⁴, −8.47×10⁻⁵, 1）
3	（0, 4.75×10⁻¹⁷, 1）	（46.35, 14.33, 1.32×10⁵）	（1.48×10⁻⁴, −7.87×10⁻⁵, 1）
4	（6.78×10⁻²¹, 1.07×10⁻¹⁶, 1）	（46.52, 13.97, 1.32×10⁵）	（1.50×10⁻⁴, −8.15×10⁻⁵, 1）
5	（3.39×10⁻²¹, 5.62×10⁻¹⁷, 1）	（46.84, 14.39, 1.32×10⁵）	（1.49×10⁻⁴, −7.79×10⁻⁵, 1）
6	（0, 1.22×10⁻¹⁶, 1）	（46.77, 14.78, 1.32×10⁵）	（1.51×10⁻⁴, −7.73×10⁻⁵, 1）
7	（0, 1.55×10⁻¹⁶, 1）	（47.42, 14.73, 1.32×10⁵）	（1.55×10⁻⁴, −7.90×10⁻⁵, 1）
8	（0, 2.86×10⁻¹⁷, 1）	（47.38, 14.85, 1.32×10⁵）	（1.55×10⁻⁴, −7.80×10⁻⁵, 1）
9	（0, 1.15×10⁻¹⁶, 1）	（46.62, 13.50, 1.32×10⁵）	（1.55×10⁻⁴, −8.76×10⁻⁵, 1）
10	（3.39×10⁻²¹, −4.08×10⁻¹⁷, 1）	（46.77, 12.95, 1.32×10⁵）	（1.54×10⁻⁴, −8.91×10⁻⁵, 1）

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表 2 转子组件不平衡量测量结果

Table 2. Measurement results of rotor unbalance

序号	校正面	不平衡量/（g·mm）		降低幅度/%
序号	校正面	优化前	优化后	降低幅度/%
1	左（前）	854	605	29.16
1	右（后）	693	431	37.78
2	左（前）	464	240	48.28
2	右（后）	523	388	25.81
3	左（前）		186
3	右（后）		393

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